Home Visiting and Maternal Depression: Seizing the Opportunities to Help Mothers and Young Children

Outlines the prevalence of maternal depression, treatment, and effect on children; mothers' views of depression; guidance on how home visiting programs could better identify and address the needs of depressed mothers; and lessons from existing programs

Monitoring Long-term Controlled Grave Scenarios Using Ground Penetrating Radar

Geophysical techniques, such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR), have been successfully used by law enforcement agencies to locate graves and forensic evidence. However, more controlled research is needed to better understand the potential and limitations of this technology in the forensic context. The goal of this study was to determine the potential of GPR using both a 250 MHz and 500 MHz antennae to monitor eight controlled graves with six different burial scenarios using pig carcasses as human proxy cadavers. In addition, a conductivity meter was employed to determine the applicability of using this technology to locate unmarked graves. For the conductivity meter, the data was processed using an EM38 program in conjunction with the SURFER program to display a conductivity contour map of the grid. For the GPR imagery, reflection profile data was processed using the program REFLEXW while horizontal slices were processed using the GPR-SLICE program. Results indicate that the conductivity meter is not a viable option in the detection of clandestine graves when other geophysical tools are available. For the GPR, results indicate that while graves can still be detected after a two-year period, there is a marked decrease in the response, or resolution, of the burial scenarios. Furthermore, burials with grave goods interred along with the carcasses were far more likely to be detected than burials that were interred with no accompanying grave goods. When comparing the performance of the two antennae, the 250 MHz antenna provided increased resolution for large cadavers buried in deep graves

Ultrastructure of Rodlet Cells: Response to Cadmium Damage in the Kidney of the Spot Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède

Rodlet cell ultrastructure was studied in normal and cadmium-damaged kidney tissues of the spot Leiostomus xanthurus, an estuarine teleost. Rodlet cells in control fish occurred in all parts of the nephron except the renal corpuscle, were oblong to pear-shaped (about 5x10 µm), and contained up to 30 rodlet bodies, a basally situated nucleus, poorly developed mitochondria, and a filamentous cortex. Desmosomes and tight junctions joined rodlet cells to kidney epithelial cells. After cadmium exposure, rodlet cells showed a range of responses from secretory stimulation to necrosis. Rodlet bodies, which were membrane-bound, club-shaped granules, were secreted by a merocrine process, apparently aided by contraction of the fllamentous cortex. New rodlet bodies were assembled in the Golgi apparatus. Mitochondria hypertrophied and developed well-defined cristae. The ultrastructural organization of the rodlet cells in this study and their responses to stimuli suggest that these are tissue or host cells rather than parasites as proposed by some authors. Further studies, however, are needed to confirm the nature of these cells

Captain Mahan, Admiral Fisher and Arms Control at the Hague, 1899

On 3 September 1898, the Russian Foreign Minister Count Mikhail Muraviev issued a call in the name of the young Tsar Nicholas II for a conference to exchange ideas in furtherance of national economy and international peace in the interests of humanity. In popular perception it was to be a conference to promote disarmament, but the Russians had a more modest aim. The conference was only to put an end to the constantly increasing development of armaments. It was not to disturb the current level of armaments or upset the balance of power

Application of air flow measurements to the determination of cotton fiber specific surface area and maturity

An instrumentation system and measurement techniques were developed to determine if the relationships for specific surface area and maturity used with the Arealometer were applicable to a system using a larger specimen size and random fiber orientation. Air flow resistance was determined for various varieties with a wide range of specific surface area and maturity. Fiber orientation effects were found to be negligible and the optimum specimen plug lengths and air flow rate were determined. It was concluded that the Arealometer flow equation performed satisfactorily with the experimental system, providing compatible specific surface area values and indications of maturity

Search with multi-worker firms

We present a generalization of the standard random-search model of unemployment in which firms hire multiple workers and in which the hiring process is time-consuming as well as costly. We follow Stole and Zwiebel (1996a, 1996b) and assume that wages are determined by continuous bargaining between the firm and its employees. The model generates a nontrivial dispersion of firm sizes; when firms' production technologies exhibit decreasing returns to labor, it also generates wage dispersion, even when all firms and all workers are ex ante identical. We characterize the steady-state equilibrium and show that, with a suitably chosen distribution of ex ante heterogeneity across firms, it is consistent with several important stylized facts about the joint distribution of firm size, firm growth, and wages in the U.S. economy. We also conduct a numerical investigation of the out-of-steady-state dynamics of our model. We find that the responses of unemployment and of the vacancy-to-unemployment ratio to a shock to labor productivity can be somewhat more persistent than in the Mortensen–Pissarides benchmark where each firm employs a single worker