Hydrogeochemistry of the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed

Bedrock of the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed dissolves incongruently with a first-order rate constant of about 5 x 10-6 day-1 at 5° C. The resulting solution is potassium-calcium-magnesium rich. The soil-plant environment acts on this solution through sorption of potassium and by evapotranspiration to yield a solution that is relatively depleted in potassium and enriched in calcium and magnesium, but with the same molar ratio of Ca:Mg as the fluid from the rock dissolution. This fluid from the soil-plant reservoir is the dominant contributor of ions to stream waters. Using the discriminant functions obtained by multiple discriminant analysis DPKR = 0.572Si02 + 0.240Ca + 2.89Mg - 0.384Na + 0.452N03 - 9.18 DCRB = 0.913Si02 + 0.042Ca + 1.28Mg + 1.17Na + 4.63N03 - 7.27, the waters of Caribou Creek and Poker Creek can be distinguished on the basis of chemical composition. In general, Poker Creek waters are slightly more concentrated than Caribou Creek waters. On the average, 1.4 x 10^13g H20/year leaves the watershed as surface water. At an average calcium concentration of 14 ppm for the water, 0.1% for the bedrock, and a watershed area of 46 mi^2, this flow corresponds to a maximum loss of about 17 metric tons of rock per hectare per year

Geology and Geochemistry of the Ship Creek and Monashka Creek reservoirs, Southcentral Alaska

Graywacke from the Ship Creek watershed, dissolves incongruently in distilled water. The dissolution appears to follow a first-order rate law which in integrated form is: k = -2.303/t log No-Q/No where No is the concentration in ppm of Ca, Mg, Na or K in the graywacke, Q is the total quantity of these ions leached in time t(days), k is the rate constant in days-1. Experimentally derived rate constants for the dissolution of graywacke in distilled water at 5oC are log k+2CA, -4.128 day-1; log k+2Mg, -6.174 day-1; log k+Na, -5.800 day-1; and log k+K, -5.249 day-1. The above constants are for 40 to +100 mesh graywacke. A surface area correction term must be inserted in the above equation if it is applied to a different size fraction. Using the above equation and rate constants, the chemical composition of a water in contact with graywacke was calculated. With the exception of magnesium, the agreement between the calculated composition and that of Ship Creek water was good. Assuming that the groundwater in the Ship Creek watershed contacts about 1.5X104cm2 graywacke per liter, 120 to 360 days are required at 5oC to produce the concentration of ions observed in Ship Creek. Release of exchangeable H+ from the soil mat to the reservoir water will not significant1y lower the pH of the water. Leaching of heavy metals from sulfides contained in the bedrock of the two watersheds does not pose a water quality hazard. Lineaments in the bedrock at Monashka Creek may provide channels through which water may seep from the reservoir. These are not expected to pose a problem in retaining water in the reservoir, but they may result in small, new springs down grade from the reservoir.The work upon which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Resources Research and Technology, as authorized by the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, Public Law 88-379, as amended. (Project A-045-ALAS

Reconfiguración del estado colombiano: el difícil balance entre consenso y coerción

Este artículo analiza la transformación del estado nacional colombiano bajo el gobierno de Álvaro Uribe, centrándose en el Plan Colombia y los proyectos estatales que se desprenden de él, a fin de dar cuenta de la militarización estatal y la represión social asociada a ambos. Se argumenta que políticas de gobierno amparadas en dicho Plan tienen como objetivo la consolidación de un régimen de acumulación de mercado extractivo y especulativo que, aunque vinculado a un impulso hegemónico transnacional centrado en los Estados Unidos, también está íntimamente ligado a desarrollos locales y al conflicto interno de Colombia. Estas interacciones ofrecen una ilustración ejemplar de la reconfiguración a múltiples escalas de la política en la economía del mundo actual.This article analyzes the transformation of the Colombian national State under the government of Álvaro Uribe, focusing on Plan Colombia and the State projects that flow from it, in order to reflect on the militarization of state and the social repression associated with both. It is argued that government policies under the Plan are aimed at consolidating a regime of market accumulation and speculation that, while linked to a transnational hegemonic thrust emanating from the United States, is also closely linked to local developments and Colombia's internal conflict. These interactions provide an exemplary illustration of the reconfiguration at multiple levels of the world political economy today

Arsenic in the Water, Soil Bedrock, and Plants of the Ester Dome Area of Alaska

Concentrations of arsenic as large as 10 ppm (200 times the safe limit for drinking water) occur in the groundwater of a mineralized residential area near Fairbanks. Bedrock of the area contains 750 ppm As, primarily as arsenopyrite and scorodite. The oxygen-poor groundwater is enriched in As(III) and ferrous iron while the surface waters are iron free and contain less than 50 ppb As(V). Arsenic is removed from the water by coprecipitation with ferric hydroxide. Some iron-rich stream sediments contain as much as 1,400 ppm arsenic. The distribution of arsenic in the groundwater is controlled by the distribution of arsenic in the bedrock. The arsenic content of the B soil horizon over mineralized veins is about 150 ppm, while that over barren rock is 30 ppm. The vegetation over the veins is not significantly enriched in arsenic. Lettuce, radishes and tomatoes grown with arsenic-rich water (5 ppm) contain 16, 8 and 1 ppm As, respectively; these amounts are significantly greater than plants not treated with arsenic. Preliminary studies by state and federal health agencies show no detrimental effects on the health of persons drinking these arsenic-rich waters.The work upon which this publication is based was supported in part by funds provided by the Office of Water Research and Technology (Project B-037-ALAS, Agreement No. 14-34-0001-8056), U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., as authorized by the Water Research and Development Act of 1978

Unhappily Ever After: Effects of Long-Term Low-Quality Marriages on Well-Being

The present study shows that long-term low-quality marriages have significant negative effects on overall well-being. We utilize a nationally representative longitudinal study with a multi-item marital quality scale that allows us to track unhappy marriages over a twelve-year period and to assess marital happiness along many dimensions. Remaining unhappily married is associated with significantly lower levels of overall happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and overall health, along with elevated levels of psychological distress, compared to remaining otherwise continuously married. There is also some evidence that staying unhappily married is more detrimental than divorcing, as people in low-quality marriages are less happy than individuals who divorce and remarry and have lower levels of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and overall health than individuals who divorce and remain unmarried. Unhappily married people may have greater odds of improving their well-being by dissolving their low-quality unions, as there is no evidence that they are better off on any aspects of overall well-being than those who divorce

Papers from the 2019 Institute of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics Meeting in Lake Vyrnwy, Wales

The Institute of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics (INNFM) held its meeting during April 2019, once again in the idyllic setting of Lake Vyrnwy, Wales. Friends and colleagues working in the field of rheology of non-Newtonian fluids gathered to discuss and present their latest ideas and findings. The conference program was divided into several themed sessions including polymer dynamics, computational rheology, modeling, yield stress fluids, rheometry, and applied rheology. A British Society of Rheology session saw the Society’s Annual Award presented to Professor Rob Poole, University of Liverpool, UK. The meeting also included a poignant session dedicated to the late Professor Mike Webster, Swansea University, UK. Mike was secretary of the INNFM and made many influential contributions to the field of computational rheology. There is no coincidence that several of the papers in this special topic involve aspects of numerical simulation of non-Newtonian fluids

Sculpture of the image of man

My thesis is composed of a series of sculptures depicting the image of man, and is presented in this written and photographic record. The purpose of this thesis work is to aid in the development of an advanced competence in the art of sculpture. The specific theme and personal direction of the work are explained in the following discussion of the theory, in a demonstration of the evidence (illustrated by the slides and plates), and in a summary discussion.Art and Art Histor

America’s Most Divided Sport: Polarization and Inequality in Attitudes about Youth Football

Football may be America’s most popular sport, but with growing evidence of the risk of sport-associated concussions, some adults are reconsidering which sports to encourage children to play. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 958 respondents, we examine how political party, belief in patriotic displays in sport, attention to concussion news, social class, and race are associated with support for children playing each of the five major U.S. sports: baseball, basketball, hockey, soccer, and football. Our findings suggest that unlike other sports, attitudes about youth participation in football are divided by views on patriotism in sport, age, race, education, and attention to concussion news. For many Americans, football is connected to participation in a civil religion, which celebrates national pride and respect for the military. We argue that child safety advocates who aim to steer children away from football must grapple with the deeper cultural and identity-based framework associated with the sport