7,588 research outputs found
Triplet Production by Linearly Polarized Photons
The process of electron-positron pair production by linearly polarized
photons is used as a polarimeter to perform mobile measurement of linear photon
polarization. In the limit of high photon energies, omega, the distributions of
the recoil-electron momentum and azimuthal angle do not depend on the photon
energy in the laboratory frame. We calculate the power corrections of order
m/omega to the above distributions and estimate the deviation from the
asymptotic result for various values of omega.Comment: LaTeX2e, 13 pages, 5 figure files (eps), submitted to Phys. Rev.
Electron-Electron Bremsstrahlung Emission and the Inference of Electron Flux Spectra in Solar Flares
Although both electron-ion and electron-electron bremsstrahlung contribute to
the hard X-ray emission from solar flares, the latter is normally ignored. Such
an omission is not justified at electron (and photon) energies above
keV, and inclusion of the additional electron-electron bremsstrahlung in
general makes the electron spectrum required to produce a given hard X-ray
spectrum steeper at high energies.
Unlike electron-ion bremsstrahlung, electron-electron bremsstrahlung cannot
produce photons of all energies up to the maximum electron energy involved. The
maximum possible photon energy depends on the angle between the direction of
the emitting electron and the emitted photon, and this suggests a diagnostic
for an upper cutoff energy and/or for the degree of beaming of the accelerated
electrons.
We analyze the large event of January 17, 2005 observed by RHESSI and show
that the upward break around 400 keV in the observed hard X-ray spectrum is
naturally accounted for by the inclusion of electron-electron bremsstrahlung.
Indeed, the mean source electron spectrum recovered through a regularized
inversion of the hard X-ray spectrum, using a cross-section that includes both
electron-ion and electron-electron terms, has a relatively constant spectral
index over the range from electron kinetic energy keV to MeV. However, the level of detail discernible in the recovered electron
spectrum is not sufficient to determine whether or not any upper cutoff energy
exists.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journa
Current induced light emission and light induced current in molecular tunneling junctions
The interaction of metal-molecule-metal junctions with light is considered
within a simple generic model. We show, for the first time, that light induced
current in unbiased junctions can take place when the bridging molecule is
characterized by a strong charge-transfer transition. The same model shows
current induced light emission under potential bias that exceeds the molecular
excitation energy. Results based on realistic estimates of molecular-lead
coupling and molecule-radiation field interaction suggest that both effects
should be observable.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX
Kinetics of electron-positron pair plasmas using an adaptive Monte Carlo method
A new algorithm for implementing the adaptive Monte Carlo method is given. It
is used to solve the relativistic Boltzmann equations that describe the time
evolution of a nonequilibrium electron-positron pair plasma containing
high-energy photons and pairs. The collision kernels for the photons as well as
pairs are constructed for Compton scattering, pair annihilation and creation,
bremsstrahlung, and Bhabha & Moller scattering. For a homogeneous and isotropic
plasma, analytical equilibrium solutions are obtained in terms of the initial
conditions. For two non-equilibrium models, the time evolution of the photon
and pair spectra is determined using the new method. The asymptotic numerical
solutions are found to be in a good agreement with the analytical equilibrium
states. Astrophysical applications of this scheme are discussed.Comment: 43 pages, 7 postscript figures, to appear in the Astrophysical
Journa
Interaction-Induced Spin Polarization in Quantum Dots
The electronic states of lateral many electron quantum dots in high magnetic
fields are analyzed in terms of energy and spin. In a regime with two Landau
levels in the dot, several Coulomb blockade peaks are measured. A zig-zag
pattern is found as it is known from the Fock-Darwin spectrum. However, only
data from Landau level 0 show the typical spin-induced bimodality, whereas
features from Landau level 1 cannot be explained with the Fock-Darwin picture.
Instead, by including the interaction effects within spin-density-functional
theory a good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained. The absence
of bimodality on Landau level 1 is found to be due to strong spin polarization.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Quantum transport in chains with noisy off-diagonal couplings
We present a model for conductivity and energy diffusion in a linear chain
described by a quadratic Hamiltonian with Gaussian noise. We show that when the
correlation matrix is diagonal, the noise-averaged Liouville-von Neumann
equation governing the time-evolution of the system reduces to the Lindblad
equation with Hermitian Lindblad operators. We show that the noise-averaged
density matrix for the system expectation values of the energy density and the
number density satisfy discrete versions of the heat and diffusion equations.
Transport coefficients are given in terms of model Hamiltonian parameters. We
discuss conditions on the Hamiltonian under which the noise-averaged
expectation value of the total energy remains constant. For chains placed
between two heat reservoirs, the gradient of the energy density along the chain
is linear.Comment: 6 pages, to appear in J. Chem. Phy
Noise enhancement due to quantum coherence in coupled quantum dots
We show that the intriguing observation of noise enhancement in the charge
transport through two vertically coupled quantum dots can be explained by the
interplay of quantum coherence and strong Coulomb blockade. We demonstrate that
this novel mechanism for super-Poissonian charge transfer is very sensitive to
decoherence caused by electron-phonon scattering as inferred from the measured
temperature dependence.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, corrected version (Figs.2 and 3
Quantum master equation scheme of time-dependent density functional theory to time-dependent transport in nano-electronic devices
In this work a practical scheme is developed for the first-principles study
of time-dependent quantum transport. The basic idea is to combine the transport
master-equation with the well-known time-dependent density functional theory.
The key ingredients of this paper include: (i) the partitioning-free initial
condition and the consideration of the time-dependent bias voltages which base
our treatment on the Runge-Gross existence theorem; (ii) the non-Markovian
master equation for the reduced (many-body) central system (i.e. the device);
and (iii) the construction of Kohn-Sham master equation for the reduced
single-particle density matrix, where a number of auxiliary functions are
introduced and their equations of motion (EOM) are established based on the
technique of spectral decomposition. As a result, starting with a well-defined
initial state, the time-dependent transport current can be calculated
simultaneously along the propagation of the Kohn-Sham master equation and the
EOM of the auxiliary functions.Comment: 9 pages, no figure
Mobilities and Scattering Times in Decoupled Graphene Monolayers
Folded single layer graphene forms a system of two decoupled monolayers being
only a few Angstroms apart. Using magnetotransport measurements we investigate
the electronic properties of the two layers conducting in parallel. We show a
method to obtain the mobilities for the individual layers despite them being
jointly contacted. The mobilities in the upper layer are significantly larger
than in the bottom one indicating weaker substrate influence. This is confirmed
by larger transport and quantum scattering times in the top layer. Analyzing
the temperature dependence of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations effective
masses and corresponding Fermi velocities are obtained yielding reduced values
down to 66 percent in comparison to monolayers.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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