Adv.Sci.

Development of simple and fully characterized immunomodulatory molecules is an active area of research to enhance current immunotherapies. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a nontoxic lipidic derivative from bacteria, is the first and currently only adjuvant approved in humans. However, its capacity to induce a potent response against weak immunogenic tumoral-associated antigens remains limited. Herein, a new generation of lipidic immunomodulators to conduct a structure-activity relationship study to determine the minimal structural elements conferring immunomodulatory properties is introduced. Two lead molecules characterized by a short succinyl linker between two oleyl chains and a polar headgroup consisting of either naturally occurring tobramycin (DOST) or kanamycin (DOSK) are identified. These two lipoaminoglycosides self-assemble in very small vesicles. In a wide variety of cells including 3D human cell culture, DOST and DOSK induce the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon-inducible proteins in a dose and time-dependent manner via a caveolae-dependent proinflammatory mechanism and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activation. Furthermore, after intratumoral administration, these lipoaminoglycosides induce an efficient immune response leading to significant antitumor activity in a mouse breast cancer model. Altogether, these findings indicate that DOST and DOSK are two groundbreaking synthetic lipid immunostimulators that can be used as adjuvants to enhance current immunotherapeutic treatments.CESTI (TSI-IHU

DESALINATION PERFORMANCE OF PV-POWERED STAND-ALONE OSMOSUN® UNIT UNDER INTERMITTENT OPERATING CONDITIONS

International audienc

Development of different analytical techniques to investigate radionuclides difficult to measure and to improve detection limits.

International audienceThe radioactive waste management is a challenging task faced by nuclear powercountries and is a prime concern for the public and therefore for control authorities. In France,several nuclear facilities were shut down few years ago and are now under dismantling. In thesefacilities, after the disposal of different equipments (glove boxes etc.) and a cleaning-up step,laboratories are subject to decommissioning and sometimes demolition. In order to establish theworking procedure of dismantling, an inventory on the radioactive level of the various materialsand areas is essential. Furthermore, correct waste classification is crucial to define the appropriatefinal disposal repository and also to keep disposal cost down to a minimum. For all thesecharacterizations, the laboratory in CEA Saclay (LASE) develops radiochemical procedures andanalytical techniques to provide results with high confidence level and with very low detectionlimits

Improvement in staff behavior during surgical procedures to prevent post-operative complications (ARIBO2): study protocol for a cluster randomised trial

Background Inappropriate staff behaviour during surgical procedures may disrupt the surgical performance and compromise patient safety. We developed an innovative monitoring and feedback system combined with an adaptive approach to optimise staff behaviour intraoperatively and prevent post-operative complications (POC) in orthopaedic surgery. Methods/design This protocol describes a parallel-group, cluster randomised, controlled trial with orthopaedic centre as the unit of randomisation. The intervention period will last 6 months and will be based on the monitoring of two surrogates of staff behaviour: the frequency of doors opening and the level of noise. Both will be collected from incision to wound closure, using wireless sensors and sonometers, and recorded and analysed on a dedicated platform (Livepulse®). Staff from centres randomised to the intervention arm will be informed in real time on their own data through an interactive dashboard available in each operating room (OR), and a posteriori for hip and knee replacement POC. Aggregated data from all centres will also be displayed for benchmarking. A lean method will be applied in each centre by a local multidisciplinary team to analyse baseline situations, determine the target condition, analyse the root cause(s), and take countermeasures. The education and awareness of participants on the impact of their behaviour on patient safety will assist the quality improvement process. The control centres will be blinded to monitoring data and quality improvement approaches. The primary outcome will be any POC occurring during the 30 days post operation. We will evaluate this outcome using local and national routinely collected data from hospital discharge and disease databases. Thirty orthopaedic centres will be randomised for a total of 9945 hip and knee replacement surgical procedures. Discussion The field of human factors and behaviour in the OR seems to offer potential room for improvement. An intervention providing goal-setting, monitoring, feedback and action planning may reduce the traffic flow and interruptions/distractions of the surgical team during procedures, preventing subsequent POCs. The results of this trial will provide important data on the impact of OR staff behaviour on patient safety, and promote best practice during surgical procedures