Trade and Migration: Firm-Level Evidence (LONG VERSION)

Migration has been associated with higher levels of trade. Previous studies interpret this as evidence of migrants’ ability to lower trade costs. Nevertheless, no study has investigated the impact of migrants on firms’ foreign trade. Thus, they fail to both provide evidence on the role that migrants may play in lowering firms’ trade costs, and exactly through which mechanisms the impact is derived. This study, being the first to study in depth the impact of immigration on trade at the firm level, bridges this gap in research. It utilizes new and unique employer-employee data for 12,000 Swedish firms, for the period 1998-2007, in a firm-level gravity framework. It provides novel firm-level evidence, demonstrating a significant, positive, and robust impact of immigrants in raising firms’ foreign trade. Migrants are found to increase trade both on the extensive and intensive product margin. Further, the study is able to conclude that the sustained effect mainly derives from lower information frictions through superior knowledge of foreign-markets, although contacts are also important.trade costs; information; trust; migration; heterogeneous firms; gravity; firmlevel data; product margins

Designing a balanced scorecard for the evaluation of a local authority organization

Introduced in the early 90’s by Kaplan and Norton, Balanced Scorecard (BSC) composed a contemporary framework for the evaluation of a company or an institution, translating mission and strategy into goals and measures, organized into four different perspectives: Financial, Customer, Internal Process and Learning and Growth. Several variations of the initial scorecard, developed in the years to follow, was intended to be applied by non–profit and government organizations, such as Local Authority Organizations (LAOs), where traditional evaluation methods, focused mainly on the financial performance, were not the most appropriate tools for their performance measurement. The purpose of this paper is to describe and present the design of a BSC in order to be applied to the evaluation of a LAO. The main alteration of the proposed scorecard is the modification of its architecture, where the Customer Perspective, which in the case of a LAO is named Stakeholders Perspective, is placed on the top of the scorecard, instead of the Financial, and is actually identical to the organization’s mission. For each one of the four perspectives of the model, a three–level sub–system is employed which contains one strategic goal, three to four objectives and up to five performance drives for every objective. The design of the scorecard starts with the definition of the strategic goal of every perspective and the process is completed with the selection of the objectives and the performance drivers of the four scorecard’s perspectives. The whole model is presented analytically in a table.peer-reviewe

A new damage index for plane steel frames exhibiting strength and stiffness degradation under seismic motion

A new damage index for plane steel frames under earthquake ground motion is proposed. This index is defined at a section of a steel member and takes into account the interaction between the axial force N and bending moment M acting there. This interaction is defined by two curves in the N-. M plane. The first curve is the limit between elastic and inelastic material behavior, where damage is zero, while the second one is the limit between inelastic behavior and complete failure, where damage is equal to one. The damage index is defined by assuming a linear variation of damage between the two abovementioned curves. Thus, for a given N-. M combination at a member section, obtained with the aid of a two dimensional finite element program, one easily defines the damage index of that section. Material nonlinearities are taken into account by a stress-strain bilinear model including cyclic strength and stiffness degradation in the framework of lumped plasticity (plastic hinge model), while geometrical nonlinearities are modeled by including large deflection effects. The increase of damage related to strength reduction due to low-cycle fatigue is also taken into account. Several illustrative examples serve to demonstrate the use of the proposed damage index and to compare it with other well known damage indices. © 2012

Accurate microRNA Target Prediction Using Detailed Binding Site Accessibility and Machine Learning on Proteomics Data

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory genes regulating gene expression by targeting messenger RNA. Though computational methods for miRNA target prediction are the prevailing means to analyze their function, they still miss a large fraction of the targeted genes and additionally predict a large number of false positives. Here we introduce a novel algorithm called DIANA-microT-ANN which combines multiple novel target site features through an artificial neural network (ANN) and is trained using recently published high-throughput data measuring the change of protein levels after miRNA overexpression, providing positive and negative targeting examples. The features characterizing each miRNA recognition element include binding structure, conservation level, and a specific profile of structural accessibility. The ANN is trained to integrate the features of each recognition element along the 3′untranslated region into a targeting score, reproducing the relative repression fold change of the protein. Tested on two different sets the algorithm outperforms other widely used algorithms and also predicts a significant number of unique and reliable targets not predicted by the other methods. For 542 human miRNAs DIANA-microT-ANN predicts 120000 targets not provided by TargetScan 5.0. The algorithm is freely available at http://microrna.gr/microT-ANN

miRGen: a database for the study of animal microRNA genomic organization and function

miRGen is an integrated database of (i) positional relationships between animal miRNAs and genomic annotation sets and (ii) animal miRNA targets according to combinations of widely used target prediction programs. A major goal of the database is the study of the relationship between miRNA genomic organization and miRNA function. This is made possible by three integrated and user friendly interfaces. The Genomics interface allows the user to explore where whole-genome collections of miRNAs are located with respect to UCSC genome browser annotation sets such as Known Genes, Refseq Genes, Genscan predicted genes, CpG islands and pseudogenes. These miRNAs are connected through the Targets interface to their experimentally supported target genes from TarBase, as well as computationally predicted target genes from optimized intersections and unions of several widely used mammalian target prediction programs. Finally, the Clusters interface provides predicted miRNA clusters at any given inter-miRNA distance and provides specific functional information on the targets of miRNAs within each cluster. All of these unique features of miRGen are designed to facilitate investigations into miRNA genomic organization, co-transcription and targeting. miRGen can be freely accessed at

Numerical and experimental evaluation of sonic resonance against ultrasonic pulse velocity and compression tests on concrete core samples

Destructive Testing, like core drilling, remains today the only reliable method to calculate with accuracy concrete’s strength parameters. However, the damage of the constructions is always a limitation. On the contrary, Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) are fast and cost-effective which make them attractive nowadays. Nevertheless, the results of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test are highly dispersed. Therefore, it is necessary to combine them along with destructive tests. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility to adopt the Sonic Resonance (SR) test to determine the strength parameters of the concrete. UPV and SR were used in conjunction with the Uniaxial Compression Test. Experimental and numerical analysis were conducted. More than 200 concrete cores from existing constructions were tested and more than 70 Finite Element Method (FEM) models were simulated. The results were correlated, and two empirical equations derived. It was observed that the dispersion of the of SR alone is smaller than the UPV, but also the UPV dispersion can be narrowed as long as the Poisson’s ratio is known