Wetting Induced Oxidation of Pt-based Nano Catalysts Revealed by In Situ High Energy Resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

In situ high energy resolution fluorescence detection X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XAS) was used to systematically evaluate interactions of H2O and O2 adsorbed on Pt and Pt3Co nanoparticle catalysts in different particle sizes. The systematic increase in oxidation due to adsorption of different species (H2O adsorption <O2 adsorption <O2 + H2O coadsorption) suggests that cooperative behavior between O2 and H2O adsorptions is responsible for the overpotential induced by hydrated species in fuel cells. From the alloying and particle size effects, it is found that both strength of O2/H2O adsorption and their cooperative effect upon coadsorption are responsible for the specific activity of Pt catalysts

First principles study of sulfuric acid anion adsorption on a Pt(111) electrode

A first principles theory combined with a continuum electrolyte theory is applied to adsorption of sulfuric acid anions on Pt(111) in 0.1 M H2SO4 solution. The theoretical free energy diagram indicates that sulfuric acid anions adsorb as bisulfate in the potential range of 0.41 0.48 V (RHE) in good agreement with experiments reported in the literature. Vibration analysis indicates that the vibration frequencies observed experimentally at 1250 and 950 cm^[-1] can be assigned, respectively, to the S-O (uncoordinated) and symmetric S-O stretching modes for sulfate, and that the higher frequency mode has a larger potential-dependence (58 cm^[-1] V^[-1]) than the lower one

Prognostic significance of pathologic complete response and Ki67 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

Recent studies have indicated that response to chemotherapy and the prognostic impact of a pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy differ among breast cancer subtypes. Women with Stage I to III breast cancer treated with anthracycline and taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (four cycles of docetaxel every 3 weeks followed by four cycles of FEC every 3 weeks) between 2006 and 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Trastuzumab was concurrently added to docetaxel for HER2-positive breast cancer. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, and Ki67 was examined by immunohistochemistry in pre- and post-treatment specimens. Predictive factors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis were analyzed by breast cancer subtype. Of 64 patients, 30 (47 %) were ER-positive (ER+) HER2-negative (HER2-), including eight as luminal A (Ki67 labeling index (LI) < 14 %) and 22 as luminal B (Ki67 LI a parts per thousand yen 14 %) subtypes, 11 (17 %) were ER+ HER2-positive (HER2+), 12 (19 %) were ER-negative (ER-) HER2+, and 11 (17 %) were ER- HER2-. The clinical response rates were significantly higher in luminal B, ER+ HER2+, and ER- HER2+ subtypes compared with luminal A subtype. Patients whose tumors contained high Ki67 expression effectively responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Ki67 LI was a predictive marker for pCR, and all patients whose tumors achieved pCR are currently disease-free. Furthermore, high Ki67 expression in post-treatment tumors was strongly correlated with poor disease-free and overall survival regardless of subtype. It is necessary to establish additional strategies to improve survival for patients whose residual tumors show high Ki67 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Sampled visual feedback pose estimation and regulation based on camera frame rates

This paper presents visual feedback 3D pose estimation/regulation methodologies in the sampled data setting by camera frame rates. Vision-based estimation/control problems have been studied by a number of research groups. While most works focus on the limitation of measured outputs, they conduct convergence/performance analysis under the assumption that visual measurements extracted from a camera are continuously available. However, the camera frame rates including image processing time often cannot be neglected compared with other computation time. In view of this fact, this paper newly proposes visual feedback pose estimation/regulation techniques under the situation that visual measurements are sampled due to the frame rates. The problem settings are first provided. Then, the pose estimation/regulation methods with sampled visual measurements are proposed. The convergence/performance analysis is conducted by the fusion of a Lyapunov-based approach and an event-triggered control technique. The present analysis scheme provides us guidelines for the design of estimation/control gains guaranteeing desired convergence/performance. The effectiveness of the present technique is verified via simulation and an experiment with real hardware

A novel Tn antigen epitope‑recognizing antibody for MUC1 predicts clinical outcome in patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma

Mucin 1 (MUC1) expression is upregulated in multiple types of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the conventional anti‑MUC1 antibody is not useful for the differentiation of malignant lung tumors and benign lesions due to its limited specificity. Our previous study screened a novel epitope‑defined antibody against cancer‑associated sugar chain structures that specifically recognizes the MUC1 Tn antigen (MUC1‑Tn ED Ab). In the present study, its potential utility as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic tool for lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) was examined. Immunohistochemical analysis of a lung ADC tissue microarray was performed using the MUC1‑Tn ED Ab (clone SN‑102), and the results were compared with those of another clone and commercially available MUC1 antibodies. The association between positive immunoreactivity of SN‑102 and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed. Furthermore, the association between MUC1‑Tn expression and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition markers and radiological characteristics was analyzed. Moderate or high MUC1‑Tn expression (MUC1‑Tn‑H) was observed in 138 (78.9%) of the 175 lung ADC cases. MUC1‑Tn‑H was associated with male sex, cigarette smoking, tumor extension, pleural invasion, and higher preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment levels. Tumors with MUC1‑Tn‑H had higher consolidation/tumor ratios according to computed tomography and greater uptakes of 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose. A total of 46 (26.9%) of the tumors had mesenchymal features, and MUC1‑Tn positivity was higher in the mesenchymal group than in the epithelial and intermediate groups (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). Patients with tumors exhibiting MUC1‑Tn‑H had significantly shorter 5‑year overall and disease‑free survival times (P=0.011 and P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, MUC1‑Tn‑H was identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P=0.024). MUC1‑Tn is specific for lung cancer cells and can improve diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, it may be a potential therapeutic target in lung ADC