On two-dimensional model representations of one class of commuting operators

В данiй статтi одержано узагальнення результату, викладеного в у статтi Золотарьова В. О. „Про трикутнi моделi систем двiчi переставних операторiв” (Докл. АН АрмССР. – 1976. – 63, № 3. – С. 136 – 140), на випадок, коли область Ω модельного простору є компактом у R² , обмеженим прямими x = a, y = b i спадною гладкою кривою L, що з’єднує точки (0, b) i (a, 0)

On Model Representations of Non-Selfadjoint Operators with Infinitely Dimensional Imaginary Component

For an entirely non-selfadjoint operator with spectrum at zero, the imaginary component of which has an absolutely continuous spectrum (not necessarily dissipative and having lacunas in the spectrum), triangular and functional models are constructed.Для вполне несамосопряженных операторов со спектром в нуле, мнимая компонента которых имеет абсолютно непрерывный спектр (не обязательно диссипативна и может иметь лакуны в спектре), построены треугольная и функциональная модели.Для цілком несамоспряжених операторів зі спектром в нулі, уявна компонента яких має абсолготно неперервний спектр (не обов'язково дисипативна та може мати лакуни в спектрі), побудовані трикутна та функціональна моделі

On the Abstract Inverse Scattering Problem for Trace Class Perturbations

The scattering problem for a pair of selfadjoint operators {L₀, L}, where L - L₀ is of trace-class, is studied. The explicit form of the scattering matrix and its properties are defined. The equation for the inverse problem is obtained

Ethnographic study of the use of interventions during the second stage of labor in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND: Routine use of medical interventions during labor has been identified as a clinical area for concern, since such routinized practice is not consistent with an evidence-based approach to care and continues to increase despite efforts to encourage normal childbirth. Therefore, the aim of our study was to explore maternity health professionals' use of interventions during the second stage of labor in two hospitals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to understand what influences their decision-making and practices. METHODS: This was an exploratory study using an ethnographic approach. Data collection methods included participant observations of 19 labors and births (n = 8 at City Hospital and n = 11 at King's Hospital) and semi-structured interviews with 29 health care professionals. In addition, the hospital labor and delivery ward policies and guidelines from those hospitals were collected. Data were analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Medical interventions were used during the second stage of labor routinely, regardless of clinical indication. Three core influences that shaped the clinical decision-making were identified as follows: (a) organizational culture, (b) a medical concept of birth, and (c) a hierarchical system of control. We suggest that the clinical decision-making and routine practice in this setting arises out of the interface between these three core influences whereby hierarchical control and clinicians' exercise of power and feelings of powerlessness are fundamental drivers for an organizational culture of medicalized childbirth, despite the differing models of childbirth which professionals described. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical decisions relating to the use of interventions during childbirth are both complex and socially negotiated. The findings reflect the complexity of the use of interventions during the second stage of labor and the multiple influences on professionals' practices. We have shown how three key influences interact to shape clinical decision-making during the second stage of labor in this cultural setting and how the use of medical interventions can be analyzed as an illustration of the power dynamic in the maternity health care system. We suggest that written policies are insufficient to bring about evidence-based practice and approaches to change need to take into account these different levels of influence

Evaluating the Experience of Jordanian Women With Maternity Care Services

Evaluation of women's experiences about the care they receive during childbirth is important to assess the quality of maternity services. We explored the experiences of Jordanian women to examine whether they were satisfied with their childbirth experiences. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 460 women after giving birth. A content analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. Four themes were identified that represented the women's poor experiences of care during childbirth, including seeing childbirth as a dehumanized experience, feeling that childbirth was processed technologically, a lack of human support, and being in an inappropriate childbirth environment. The findings of this study may help policymakers to provide quality care to women during childbirth. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC

Childbirth practices in jordanian public hospitals: Consistency with evidence-based maternity care?

Background: In 1996, the World Health Organization stated that 'childbirth is a natural process and in normal birth, there should be a valid reason to interfere with this natural process' and encouraged practices that are evidence-based. The practices encouraged included avoiding unnecessary augmentation of labour, facilitating upright position for birth and restricting the use of routine episiotomy. Many countries have been slow to fully implement evidence-based practice in maternity care. The aim of this study was to examine maternity hospital practices in Jordan and assess their consistency with evidence-based maternity care. Methods: An explorative research design with non-participant observation was used. Data were collected from low-risk women during labour and birth using a questionnaire for maternal characteristics and an observational checklist. A proportional stratified sample was selected to recruit from three major public hospitals in Jordan. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 460 women were observed during labour and birth. The majority were multiparous (80%). A range of interventions were observed in women having a normal labour including augmentation (95%), continuous external fetal monitoring (77%), lithotomy position for birth (100%), and more than one third (37%) had an episiotomy with varying degrees of laceration (58%). Conclusions: Childbirth practices were largely not in accordance with the World Health Organization evidencebased practices for normal birth. High levels of interventions were observed, many of which may not have been necessary in this low-risk population. Further work needs to occur to explore the reasons why evidence-based practice is not implemented in these hospitals. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare © 2011 The Joanna Briggs Institute