Dynamic Simulation for Sustainable Transportation System

This research is intended to simulate the already developed mathematical model for the five means of transportation systems which are bicycle, water transportation, taxi, bus, and metro. The resulting ecological footprint effect is being used to reflect those means of transport on the environment. A simplified approach to those means is represented by bicycle sustainable impact (BSI). In order to testify this newly derived mathematical model, the equivalent effects of different transportation systems on the environment are represented. The simulation is applied to five randomly selected cities of different geographical locations. They are considered to optimize the sustainability and hence the Anti-Sustainability collectively for the existing transportation in those cities. The selected cities are Erbil (Iraq), Baghdad (Iraq), Maysan (Iraq), Dubai (UAE) and Glasgow (UK). The five randomly selected cities have different modes of transportation. Thus different Anti-Sustainable Impact (ASI) has been found. Conclusive remarks have been drawn accordingly to achieve safe and distinguished sustainable guidelines. High-quality power run metro system depicts higher Anti-Sustainable Impact, Those guidelines can be implemented in future traffic and transportation systems evaluations in any city

Assessment of Air Pollution around Durra Refinery (Baghdad) from Emission NO2 Gas at April Month

غاز النتروجين هو واحد من المولوثات الخطره الموجوده في الهواء,انه غاز سام ويسبب تاثيرات صحيه كبيره على الجهاز التنفسي,اغلب مصادر هذا الغاز تنبعث من المصادر صناعيه  وبشكل خاص من مداخن محطات الطاقه ومصافي النفط. في هذه الدراسه معادله كاوس تم نمذجتها بستخدام برنامج الماتلاب لتوضيح تاثير غاز ثاني اوكسيد النتروجين NO2على منطقه محيطه بمصفى الدوره وايضا هذا البرنامج يقوم بتقيم بعض العناصر مثل سرعه الرياح والاستقراريه وتاثيرها على ارتفاع المدخنه.البيانات المستخدمه في هذه الدراسه هي كميه النفط الاسود ووقود الغاز المحترق في داخل المصفى خلال سنه 2017.البيانات الساعيه الشهريه اختبرت كحاله دراسيه بسبب هذا الشهر كحاله متقلبه.بعد تحديد نسبه الانبعاث للوقود وحساب سرعه الخروج من المدخنه(سنعتبر كل المصفى نقطه واحده) وحساب الارتفاع الفعال الناتج.تم مقارنه بين الارتفاع الفعال والعناصر الجويه وايضا الاستقراريه حيث وجد ان هناك علاقه طرديه مباشره عند ظروف الجويه الغير مستقره.بعد تنفيذ موديل كاوس تبين ان اغلب المناطق الملوثه بغاز ثاني اوكسيد النتروجين NO2هي الجادريه ومنطقه الكراراده وهي منطقه تبعد 3-4كم من المصفى ان الرياح السائده هي الجنوب الشرقي.Nitrogen dioxide NO2 is one of the most dangerous contaminant in the air, its toxic gas that cause disturbing respiratory effects, most of it emitted from industrial sources especially from the stack of power plants and oil refineries. In this study Gaussian equations modelled by Matlab program to state the effect of pollutant NO2 gas on area around Durra refinery, this program also evaluate some elements such as wind and stability and its effect on stacks height. Data used in this study is the amount of fuel oil and fuel gas burn inside refinery at a year 2017. Hourly April month data chosen as a case study because it’s unsteady month. After evaluate emission rate of the all fuel and calculate exit velocity from stack (consider all refinery unit is a point), effective height resulted. Effective height is test with other atmospheric element and with stability, and there is direct relation with unstable turner classes. After Gaussian model implemented results show that most pollutant area from pollutant of NO2 is Al-Jadriyah and Al-Karada area, this area is about 3-5 kilometer from the refinery point. The wind direction domain is from the south to south-east, thus most flow is to north, north-west and the pollutant level of NO2 is over the national ambient air quality standard in this area

USING WATER INDICES (NDWI, MNDWI, NDMI, WRI AND AWEI) TO DETECT PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS BY APPLY REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

This study was undertaken by analyzing data from satellite image (Landsat-8 OLI) and geographical information system (GIS) to find the relationship between water parameters and water indices of spectral images. The main purpose of this research was to develop a model for the physical and chemical parameters of Gharraf stream in Iraq. The water parameters used in this study included: acidity (PH), Total Dissolved Solids (T.D.S), Alkalinity(ALK), Electrical Conductivity (E.C), Calcium(Ca), Chloride (CL), Sodium (Na), Sulfate (SO4), Potassium (k), Total suspended solid (T.S.S), Total Hardness (TH).Where the samples were taken to seventeen stations with two seasons and at the same time took a satellite image on 4/FEB, 11 / MAY.GIS techniques were used in the beginning to project the coordinates of seventeen stations along the stream in Landsat-8 satellite image for extract data. Then, these data are treated in SPSS software for purpose finding correlation and regression equations. Positive strong correlations between the reflectance of the satellite image and the water parameters in 4/FEB and 11/ MAY with five stations, helped to build six regression models. These models could be used to predict these six water parameters (PH, E.c, CL, SO4, Na and K) at any point along the stream in Iraq from the satellite image directly

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with cyclical vomiting and hypertension: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is characterized by headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures and visual disturbances. It has certain characteristic radiological features, which allow diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting and enable appropriate clinical therapy to be instituted.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 10-year-old Caucasian girl who was hospitalized due to recurrent vomiting was diagnosed as having posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after an initial diagnosis of cyclical vomiting and hypertension was made.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare disorder in children. Early recognition of characteristic radiological features is key to the diagnosis as clinical symptoms may be non-specific or mimic other neurological illnesses. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case to report an association between posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, cyclical vomiting and hypertension. Furthermore, in this case, the resolution of the abnormalities found on magnetic resonance imaging over time did not appear to equate with clinical recovery.</p

Surface plasmon resonance effects of gold colloids on optical properties of N719 dye in ethanol

In this work, the light absorption and emission effects of gold nanoparticles on some optical properties of N719 dye solution were studied via transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements. A facile method to fabricate four gold colloidal solutions with different concentrations containing ~15 nm gold nanoparticles was presented through pulsed laser ablation of a gold target immersed in ethanol, followed by a post-ablated size modification process. As-prepared gold colloids with different concentrations were mixed with certain dye solution. The absorption and fluorescence enhancement that resulted from the interaction between the dipole moments of the day and the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles were found to be strongly dependent on the gold colloid concentration. Fluorescence was enhanced by around 9-fold, which was achieved for the dye solution with the highest gold nanoparticles concentration

Performance of Zero Cement Concrete Synthesized from Fly Ash: A Critical Review

Since the invention of the reinforced concrete (RC) technique, RC buildings have comprised the majority of extant building systems. The shift from traditional materials to green or low/zero carbon designed materials that are energy efficient, such as fly ash (FA), is recognized as one of the desirable approaches to reduce CO2 emissions and the climate change crisis. This review aims to summarize the performance of fly ash based Zero Cement Concrete (FA − ZCC) according to the main parameters: Fly ash types (ASTM FA Class F and Class C), precursor activator, molarity (Sodium Hydroxide concentration), modulus ratio (SiO2/Na2O), mixture design, mixing approach, compressive strength (f’c), modulus of elasticity (MOE), splitting tensile (ft), curing time, and curing technique. The findings of this critical review show that the compressive strength of FA-ZCC Class C is higher in comparison with Class F FA − ZCC. Ambient curing for ZCC made from FA Class C was more suitable compared with Class F, which needed high-temperature curing. Increasing molarity up to 14 led to better ZCC regardless the type of FA. Modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of FA − ZCC was found to be similar to or lesser than those for normal cement concrete. Besides, standard approaches should be provided to enhance the mixture design technique, mixing procedure approach, mechanical properties of ZCC synthesized by FA

The Influence of Irrigation with Different Solutions on Apical Microleakage of Root Canals

Aims: This study aims to assess the apical microleakage of root canals after irrigation by NaOCl, EDTA, and MTAD. Materials and methods: 36 lower premolars were used in this study. Preparation of the samples was done by files of ProTaper to size F3. Samples were distributed into three experimenting groups; each one contained ten samples as follows: Group 1- samples were finally washed for five minutes with five ml of 5.25% NaOCl. Group 2- samples were finally washed for five minutes with five ml of 17% EDTA. Group 3- samples were finally washed for five minutes with five ml of MTAD. Six samples were utilized as positive and negative control groups, each one contained three samples. The samples were obturated by single cone technique except for the samples of the positive control group, which were not obturated. All the samples were incubated at 37 OC for 7 days in 100% humidity. The dye penetration method was used to assess apical leakage. Finally, data was collected and statistically analyzed. Results: MTAD group revealed the least leakage supervened by the EDTA group and the NaOCl group revealed the highest leakage. The MTAD group did not differ significantly from the EDTA group, while the NaOCl group differed significantly from MTAD and EDTA groups. A group of positive control revealed a dye leak through the whole length of the root, while a group of negative control did not reveal any dye leak. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the final irrigation with MTAD or EDTA is better than the final irrigation with 5.25 % NaOCl in terms of less apical microleakage

Inter laminar failure behavior in laminate carbon nanotubes-based polymer composites

International audienceDelamination progressive in carbon nanotubes reinforced composites under applied Short Beam Shear test was studied. Experimental characterization was carried out using ASTM D2344 standard norms for different carbon nanotubes mass fractions ranging from 0 to 4%. Failure modes and the delamination were experimentally characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Kayence microscopy to assess the failure behavior. The numerical model was created under ABAQUS software based on the cohesive zone models. The numerical model was formulated according to the damage mechanics. In these models, the cohesive interaction was implanted between elements of each fabric ply to control the initiation and the propagation of the delamination for different carbon nanotubes fractions. The force–displacement curves vs. carbon nanotubes added were obtained for the numerical model and shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of carbon nanotubes on the progressive delamination was elucidated