Assessment of Calcium, Phosphate and Magnesium Levels among Sudanese Children with Malnutrition Ibrahim Malik Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

Background: Malnutrition is currently the most widespread and serious health problem of children in the world. Objective: This study aimed to assess calcium, phosphate and magnesium levels among Sudanese Children with Malnutrition. Materials and Methods:This is a hospital based case control study, which was conducted in the period from 2014 to 2015.A total of 120 samples were collected (60 patients and 60 apparently healthy individuals served as control.Quantitative method by mindary BS200 was used to estimate calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in Sudanese children with malnutrition and control group. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results: The results showed that 31 (52%) of patients were males and 29 (48%) were females. Thirty seven 37(62%) of malnourished children had Marasmus, 15(25%) of them had Kwash and 8(13%) had marasmic kwash. Forty four 44(73%) of the malnourished children were less than 12 month while 16(27%) were more than 12 month.Mean of BMI, calcium, phosphate and magnesium in patients and control groups when compared showed a significantly decreased in malnourished children as BMI (12.25±0.91 versus 14.71±0.76) calcium (5.59±0.98 versus 9.19±0.62) phosphorus (2.81±0.45 versus 5.26±2.3) magnesium (1.01±0.24 versus 1.91±0.18) P-values 0.006, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.000 respectively. Plasma calcium and magnesium levels in males did not reveal significant change versus female group whereas phosphate element significantly decreased among females, p.value 0.038. There was positive correlation between BMI,Calcium and Phosphorous levels (R=0.269, P=0.038 and (R=0.258, P=0.044) while there was no correlation between BMI and magnesium level (R=0.074, P=0.572). Conclusion: This study concluded that, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium levels were reduced in malnutrition children patients, and phosphate element decreased among female group rather than male

Solving Robin problems in bounded doubly connected regions via an integral equation with the eneralized Neumann Kernel

This paper presents a boundary integral equation method for finding the solution of Robin problems in bounded multiply connected regions. The Robin problems are formulated as a Riemann-Hilbert problems which lead to systems of integral equations and the related differential equations are also constructed that give rise to unique solutions are shown. Numerical results on several test regions are presented to illustrate that the approximate solution when using this method for the Robin problems when the boundaries are sufficiently smooth are accurate

STR-867: FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED SCC BEAMS CONTAINING RECYCLED CRUMB RUBBER

This study aimed to investigate the effect of crumb rubber (CR) on the flexural behavior and cracking characteristics of self-consolidating concrete beams. Four full-scale self-consolidating rubberized concrete (SCRC) beams containing recycled CR particles as a partial replacement for fine aggregate with percentage ranging from 0% to 15% (by volume of sand) were tested. The performance of some design codes was evaluated in predicting the cracking moment and crack widths of the tested beams. The results indicated that increasing the CR content noticeably reduced the compressive strength, tensile strength, and first cracking moment of all SCRC beams. However, up to 15% replacement of CR, the flexural capacity of the tested beams was shown to be slightly decreased. In addition, increasing the CR content appeared to improve the beams’ ductility and limit the flexural crack widths. In general, the results of flexural loading tests indicated a promising potential for using SCRC in structural applications

MAT-711: UTILIZATION OF RECYCLED CRUMB RUBBER IN STRUCTURAL SELF-CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE

The present work evaluates the impact of using recycled crumb rubber (CR) as a partial replacement of fine aggregate on the fresh and mechanical properties of concrete composite, especially when self-consolidating concrete is used. In this study, seven mixtures containing various amounts of fine CR (0-30% by volume of sand) were tested. The fresh properties tests included flowability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. On the other hand, the mechanical properties tests included compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results indicated that although increasing the CR replacement decreased the fresh and mechanical properties of concrete, all the developed mixtures achieved adequate fresh and mechanical properties required for structural applications. The rigidity of concrete composite was also decreased effectively, exhibiting more ductile failure behaviour at ultimate loadings. In addition, using recycled rubber as a partial replacement for fine aggregate promotes the development of eco-friendly concrete with a reduced self-weight, which is receiving greater attention nowadays

Embedded pair of diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta method for solving ordinary differential equations

Improvements over embedded diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta pair of order four in five are presented. Method of higher stage order with a zero first row and the last row of the coefficient matrix is identical to the vector output is given. The stability aspect of it is also looked into and a standard test problems are solved using the method. Numerical results are tabulated and compared with the existing method

The Degree of Availability of Design Thinking Indicators in the content of Arabic Language Curricula at the secondary stage in Syrian Arab Republic

The study aimed to identify the degree of availability of design Thinking Indicators in The content of the Arabic Language Curricula at the secondary stage in the Syrian Arab Republic; to achieve the goal of the study. The researcher used the Descriptive Approach based on the analysis method according to the Cognitive Theory. The study tools consist of a list of Design Thinking Indicators and a Content Analysis Tool. The researcher completed the Validity and Reliability procedures for the tools. After applying them, the results of the study resulted in the following: Greater Interest than other sub-skills. The results also showed a Divergence of care for the sub-skills and the Difference in their recurrence rate, and the Omission of some sub-skills that did not have any opportunity to be trained on, sub-indicators of Design Thinking

An integral equation method for solving neumann problems on simply and multiply connected regions with smooth boundaries

This research presents several new boundary integral equations for the solution of Laplace’s equation with the Neumann boundary condition on both bounded and unbounded multiply connected regions. The integral equations are uniquely solvable Fredholm integral equations of the second kind with the generalized Neumann kernel. The complete discussion of the solvability of the integral equations is also presented. Numerical results obtained show the efficiency of the proposed method when the boundaries of the regions are sufficiently smooth

Isolation of catechins from Cycas armstrongii Miq. of an Egyptian origin

The phytochemical investigation of Cycas armstrongii Miq. leaves and twigs using different chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of three catechin monomers; catechin (1), epicatechin (2), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (3), for the first time from this species. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolated compounds is discussed in the rest of this article