A Structured Approach to Analyze XP Model and Eliminate Drawbacks for Qualitative Development of Software

In this modern age each software company choose a software model for software development. But this companies face many problems to use software model because each software model has some drawbacks. These drawbacks effected the software development. In previous research many software methodologies were adopted for development. But it a question yet how to select a correct software model which has no drawbacks. In this research XP (Extreme Programming) will be analyzed. This model has some strengthens and weaknesses. The conclusion of this research will to eliminate drawbacks of XP (Extreme Programming). This can be done through analyze different parameters and converse with software developers for parameters to eliminate drawbacks. Keywords: Software Development, Extreme Programming (XP), Eliminate Drawbacks

Relationship of Fiscal Discipline and Household Income on Money Demand Function in Sri Lanka

Abstract. This paper attempts to find those determinants stirring the function of money demand in Sri Lanka during 1975-2013. The empirical analysis starts from applying the unit root tests i.e. Ng-Perron. We apply ARDL bound testing approach of co-integration to scrutinize the co-integration in variables. We select independent variables like per capita GDP, interest rate, exchange rate, fiscal deficit, urban population and rural population to determine money demand function. The findings revealed that income, interest rate and fiscal deficit effect money demand significantly and positively. The exchange rate affects negatively and significantly upon money demand. The stable money demand function is found over time applying CUSUM and CUSUMSQ stability test. The model of our study strongly recommends the real demand for M2 is vital monetary aggregate in terms of policy implication including the appropriateness of model in Sri Lanka.Keywords. Sri Lanka, Money demand, Income, Interest rate, Exchange rate, Fiscal deficit, Urban and Rural Population.JEL. D10, E41, E59

Stagnate Economic Analysis of Regime Change & Administration shuffling Impact on Pakistan economy

Pakistan has faced a political instability since its creation. The country remains under the undemocratic dictatorship of Military rulers for more than three decades. This has made it difficult to strengthen the democratic values and system of the country. Like every other country, the political instability in the country upset the trust of investors and also put bad impacts on the performance of stock market. Although Pakistan performed economically well during Musharraf regime, the economic indicators told that after that Pakistan faced a decline in economic growth, this decline was countered after the merger of stock exchange in 2016 and after that in 2017, Pakistan stock exchange was awarded as best performing stock exchange of Asia. The amount of FDI increased significantly, exports and other economic factors such as GDP growth at 6 percent was a remarkable of achievement of PTI led government. But soon after change of regime in Pakistan, country faced several economic and political problems which leads towards a severe economic crisis, resulting the threats of being on the edge of default. The current study, analyzed the basic empirical data of economic performance of both PTI led and PDM led governments and tried to established an opinion that the regime change has negatively impacted the economy and also it has damaged the economic growth of Pakistan

ANALYSIS OF LEVEL OF PLASMA OBESTATIN LEVELS IN OBESITY AMONG LOCAL POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

Introduction: Obestatin is a recently discovered peptide produced in the stomach, which was originally described to suppress food intake and decrease body weight in experimental animals. Objectives of the study: The basic objective of the study is to analyze the level of plasma obestatin levels in obesity among local population of Pakistan. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted in Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore during April 2018 till October 2018. The data was collected from 100 obese patients which was also suffering from heart and cholesterol diseases. The data was collected through a questionnaire which include all the socio-demographic factors. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were done for patients and controls as anthropometrical tests, while fasting serum glucose (FSG) measured using spectrophotometric technique. Each serum sample was analyzed for obestatin hormone and fasting insulin using enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The data was collected from 100 participants. Mean fasting obestatin levels was 0.450 ± 0.468 and 0.959 ± 0.889 respectively in hypertensive and normotensive obese and the difference of mean fasting obestatin levels between the both groups was statistically significant with p value 0.000. Mean fasting blood cholesterol level was 206.42 ± 44.420 and 202.39 ± 48.344 respectively in normal and obese and the difference was not statistically significant with p value 0.644. Conclusion: It is concluded that obestatin levels are directly correlated with blood glucose level. Furthermore, there was a clear relationship between obestatin and both BP and HOMA-IR, suggesting that obestatin might play a role in BP regulation

Understanding Flood Risk Management in Asia: Concepts and Challenges

In this chapter, an attempt is made to review the behavior of flood in Asian region and mechanism of flood risk management adopted among Asian nations. Flood is the most frequent natural disaster at present and vulnerability is widespread across the globe. Though, Asian region is on a knife-edge. Distribution of natural disasters in Asia followed by economic damage and human killing is illustrated in this chapter. In addition, discourse of China, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka on flood risk management is examined. Flood risk management policies framed by these nations over the period of time are synthesized. Research and investment on forecasting, planning, preparedness, assessment, evaluation, and mitigation of flood risk are explained. This synthesis can present a pathway for better response and flood management for debated Asian countries through filling the identified policy gaps. This chapter also urges a need of holistic and inter-countries research and cross country analysis followed by increased funding for sustainable management of risk

Is Accounting Information Produced by the Firms any Value Relevant?

This research is motivated by dearth of research on the impact of accounting information produced by Pakistani companies on their share prices and is aimed at highlighting the useful ness of accounting information in investment decision making by investors. Top five companies from each of the sectors, excluding the financial services sectors listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange are studied for the years 2006 to 2016. Panel data settings are used to study the impact of accounting information i.e., Earnings on Returns. Three control variables namely, size, profitability and industry type are added in Extended returns model to capture the impact of accounting information on returns. The results show that accounting information i.e., Earnings and Changes in Earnings and profitability are value relevant but the size and industry type have no impact on value relevance

Production and Characterization of Xylanase from \u3cem\u3eAspergillus niger\u3c/em\u3e using Wheat Bran, Corn Cobs, and Sugar Cane Bagasse as Carbon Sources with Different Concentrations

Xylanases are enzymes that degrade Xylan, a hemicellulose found in plant cell walls, into Xylose. They are a very important class of enzymes to be used in paper and pulp industry. Removal of lignin from paper and pulp by Chlorine and its compounds have caused a serious problem in the environment. Delignification of lignin by Xylanase is an alternative approach that is environmentally friendly. The present research was conducted to produce and characterize Xylanase from the fungus Aspergillus niger using agricultural wastes/byproducts like corn cobs, wheat bran and sugar cane bagasse with different concentrations. Submerged fermentation was carried out in 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks using Vogel’s medium at 37oC. Culture conditions like pH, temperature, incubation time and concentration of carbon sources were optimized to achieve maximum Xylanase production. Molecular weight was determined by SDS-PAGE to be 27.2KDa. It was revealed that the pH and thermal stability of Xylanase is very important for it to be used in industry

Peer Assisted Learning; The Perspective of Peer Tutors

Objective: To determine the perspective of PAL tutors regarding the effectiveness of PAL in promoting knowledge and skills among the undergraduate students using small group discussions in an integrated module. Methodology:  A prospective qualitative method study was conducted at Rawal Dental College, Islamabad, from April to June, 2021, for 12 weeks. Students from the second year of BDS (n = 50) were divided into five small groups. Five students’ volunteers were chosen from those who completed the previous units with more than 80% summative assessment score and with good communication skills. The group discussion centered on the application of core knowledge and skills in pathology. Responses from the tutors for the qualitative data were obtained using in depth one-on-one semi-structured interviews with audio recorded. The verbatim in the form of audio and notes were transcribed, and the qualitative analysis was performed by two independent investigators, generating codes, themes, and subthemes. Results: The results showed the comprehensive understanding of the insights of tutors and the motivational elements for achieving academic goals and improving teamwork and teaching skills. Many factors encouraged their participation as tutors, including the acquisition of knowledge and leadership skills. The students felt that their compassionate attitude encouraged active participation by the fellow students, increasing their confidence and learning. The students perceived that they had attained essential attributes that would benefit them in professional life in the future. Conclusion: The students enjoyed the Peer-assisted learning experience and recognized its importance for their academic and professional development. While learning in a relaxed environment, the students achieved their basic learning goals, developed leadership skills, improved communication skills, and gained confidence. Keywords: Peer Group, Integrated curriculum, Near-Peer tutoring.

Cultural blindness: Eye-tracking trial of visual attention towards assistive technology (AT) product, by students from the UK and Pakistan

Culture is an influential predictor of the way people use their sensory (visual) perception to derive information through visual stimuli. The discipline of psychology is culturally-bounded, providing the dominant views of western societies, in relation to other cultural perspectives. This western bias in research is often termed cultural blindness. According to Nisbett’s model of cognition, individuals from Asian (collectivist) and Western (individualist) societies have bias to employ holistic and analytic visual processing styles, respectively. The stigma or negativity associated with Assistive Technology (AT) products are instigated by the societal perception of the communicative (semantics/meaning) content of those devices. There has been little empirical evidence that shows how individuals from different cultures interact with a given visual of an AT product, whether they are motivated to attend specific component (graphemes) of the product; and, the sequence of the fixation within pre-defined Areas of Interests (AOI) of a visual stimulus. In this study eye-tracking in conjunction with Semantic Differential (SD) scale was used to explore the viewing behaviour of students (n=15) from the UK (individualist) and Pakistan (collectivist). Through data analysis using BeGaze™, the order of the fixations was checked. For the appraisal of identical product representation, the pattern of eye movement was noted to be different across cultural groups. The contradiction was discovered due to the amount of attention allocated to various AOI’s. The paper further draws on the concept of ‘cultural blindness’ to indicate the role of culture in relation to socially acceptable product design