Salicylic Acid Ameliorates the Effects of Oxidative Stress Induced by Water Deficit in Hydroponic Culture of Nigella sativa

Osmotic stress associated with drought, and salinity is a serious problem that inhibits the growth of plants, mainly due to disturbance of the balance between production of ROS and antioxidant defense and causing oxidative stress. The results obtained in the last few years strongly prove that salicylic acid could be a very promising and protective compound for the reduction of biotic and abiotic stresses in sensitive of crops, because under certain conditions, it has been found to mitigate the damaging effects of various stress factors in plants. In this research, salicylic acid was used in control, and drought stressed plants, and the role of this compound in reduction of oxidative damages in Nigella plant was investigated. Data presented in this study indicated that SA application through the root medium brought on the increased levels of drought tolerance in black cumin seedlings. Plants pre-treated with SA exhibited slight injury symptoms whereas those that were not pre-treated with SA had moderate damage and lost considerable portions of their foliage. SA very profoundly inducing the activity of CAT, APX and GPX in plants, which led to reduction in H2O2 content, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and LOX activity so it seems that the application of SA greatly improves the dehydration tolerance through elevated activities of antioxidant systems or may be the expression of genes encoding some ROS-scavenging enzymes under drought stress, which would maintain the redox homeostasis and integrity of cellular components

Cleft Lip and Palate Management from Birth to Adulthood: An Overview

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital deformity of the orofacial. Clefts are thought to be of multifactorial etiology due to genetic and environmental factors. Different dental abnormalities are usually seen in cleft patients, including midface deficiency, collapsed dental arches, malformation of teeth, hypodontia, and supernumerary teeth. Moreover, feeding and speech are major functional dilemmas for those patients. The goal of treatment is to restore esthetics and functional impairments associated with clefts. The nature and the extent of medical and dental problems among CLP patients dictate the need toward multidisciplinary approach where different medical and dental specialists are involved in the treatment. The purpose of this section is to codify and synthesize a literature about management of cleft lip and palate deformity from birth until adulthood so that general concepts, principles, and axioms can be formulated. In this regard, feeding plates, nasoalveolar molding (NAM), lip and palate repair, palatal expansion, alveolar bone grafting, rhinoplasty, orthodontic treatment, and orthognathic surgery will be discussed. Furthermore, the question of proper timing for each therapeutic procedure is scrutinized in this chapter. Suggested clinical tips and changes of treatment modalities are summarized and illustrated as well

Predictors of career advancement of female academic staff in Nigerian universities

Female participation in the formal sector is gradually growing in hitherto male and female oriented organizations around the globe.However, the rate of female entry into higher positions of management is not encouraging relative to the number of able female labour force in the Nigeria. Using regression analysis on 368 surveys of female academic staff of Nigerian universities via statistical package for social sciences 18, this study examines predictors and found that level of education and organizational support were positively significant to career advancement. However, work experience was negatively related to career advancement. Thus, this is an insight that these positive factors are viable predictors to career advancement of female academic staff. Recommendation for future study was given in the study

Foot reflexology therapy for non-specific low back pain condition : a protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Introduction Non-specific low back pain is one of the most common physical ailments affecting millions of people worldwide. This condition constitutes a significant public health problem and was listed as a prevalent health complaint in most societies. Even though there are many anecdotal claims for reflexology in the treatment of various conditions such as a migraine, arthritis and multiple sclerosis, but very little clinical evidence exists for reflexology on the management of low back pain per se. This study aims to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology therapy as an adjunctive treatment to the Malaysian low back pain standard care in relieving pain and promoting health-related quality of life among people with non-specific low back pain. Methods This is a parallel randomized controlled trial with pre and post-treatment study design. The study setting for the intervention located at Penawar Reflexology Center, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 100 participants with non-specific low back pain will be allocated to one of two groups, using a randomization computer program of Research Randomizer. The control group will receive low back pain standard care, while the intervention group will receive standard care plus eight sessions of foot reflexology therapy. The pain intensity and health-related quality of life scores will be measured using Visual Analogue Scale and Euro-quality of life scale respectively in both groups. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UHREC/2016/2/011). The study protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, with the ID number of NCT02887430. Measurements Outcome measures will be undertaken at pre-intervention (week 1), post-intervention (week 6) and follow-up (week 10). Conclusions This will be the first trial to compare the foot reflexology therapy with control group among people who medically diagnosed with non-specific low back pain in Malaysia. The result of this study will contribute to better management of this population, especially for Malaysia healthcare setting

Rumah Hjh. Ramlah Bt Jasod, Kg Kubang Chandong, Bota Kanan, Perak Darul Ridzuan / Rozita Hassan and Nor Maya Gussalleh

Bangunan tradisional yang masih kekal sering mendapat penghargaan yang tinggi daripada orang ramai. Penghargaan yang sedemikian disebabkan oleh mutu pertukangan yang baik, penggunaan bahan binaan yang bermutu tinggi dan kepekaan perekabentuk kepada aspek alam persekitaran seperti penerapan sumber iklim dalam rekabentuk, penyesuaian aspek sosial dan spiritual yang digabungkan ke dalam rekabentuk dengan harmoni hingga melahirkan bentuk bangunan yang sungguh menarik. Kajian dokumentasi Rumah Melayu Tradisional ini telah membuktikan bahawa rumah tersebut memang dihasilkan daripada daya kreativiti dan tahap pertukangan yang tinggi nilainya. Setiap aspeknya mencerminkan daya pemikiran dan pengalaman yang telah lama dikumpul. Kalau diambil daripad satu aspek pembinaan bangunan sudah pasti ia dapat diungkaikan dengan pengetahuan yang tersirat. Pembinaan rumah tradisional ini menggunakan bahan utama seperti kayu yelah melahirkan pelbagai bentuk bangunan yang unik di rantau ini. Kehalusan seni tukang-tukang Melayu membina bangunan yang cantik memang telah lama terkena. Tradisi seni yang tinggi nilainya masih lagi dipertahankan walaupun perubahan masa sering menghimpit dan mengancam warisan tersebut. Arus kemodenan telah banyakmerubah keadaan tersebut dan tukang-tukang yang mahir semakin hari semakin hilang di telan arus zaman serta menjadikan seni pertukangan yang unik itu semakin pudar. Proses pembinaan rumah Melayu tradisional ini juga agak unik. la di bentuk oleh keadaan sekitar dan dipengaruhi oleh keadaan iklim setempat. Hal ini berbeza dengan pembinaan bagi rumah-rumah kebudayaan lain seperti Cina dan India. Bangunan akan dibina dengan pembinaan tapak dan asas, kemudian diikuti pula dengan struktur bumbung yang biasa dibina di atas asas yang akan digunakan. Setelah siap struktur bumbung akan dipindahkan ke tempat lain iaitu setelah ditanggalkan daripada bentuknya. Setelah Semua struktur utama siap didirikan barulah bumbung dibina dengan kemasannya sekali dan menjadikan kawasan di bawahnya terhindar daripada panas matahari dan hujan. Semoga dengan adanya dokumentasi tentang Rumah Melayu Tradisional ini, serba sedikit dapat memberi dan meluaskan pengetahuan serta memberi lebih banyak penjelasan mengenai Rumah Melayu Tradisional ini terutamanya Rumah Melayu Perak

SIZE AND SHAPE ANALYSIS OF FEMALE NOSE IN MALAY ETHNIC: ANALISIS UKURAN DAN BENTUK HIDUNG WANITA SUKU MELAYU

Several non invasive methods have the results showed that been applied to quantify facial soft tissue morphology. Digitalphotography is one of the methods that has been used in the assessment of facial profile in different population. This studyaims to determine nasal soft tissue differences among Malays in Peninsular Malaysia by applying geometricmorphometric method with digital photograph. A cross sectional study was carried out on 20 participants from Bugis andJava females with aged range from 20-40 years. The photographs were captured using digital SLR camera (Nikon D80)and analyzed using finite element analysis in MorphoStudioTM software. Seven soft tissue landmarks were digitized oneach frontal photograph and six on the lateral one. The study error for both samples was within acceptable limits as therewere no statistical differences (p>0.05) in duplicated digitization. The results showed that the comparison of size revealedthat Bugis females were smaller in upper and lower nasal region about 17- 33%. Bugis females shape showed differencesin upper and lower nasal area by 20%. In lateral profile there was a decreased size in lower nasal area in Bugis females by17- 33% and the difference in shape by 20%. The nasal region was significantly smaller in size and more different inshape for Bugis females than Javanese females. Computer aided photogrammetric analysis has the ability to depict andquantify local shape and size changes of nasal soft tissue differences between Java Malay and Bugis female groups

Does Increased in Incomes Improves Quality of Life of the Rural Low Income Households?

The Malaysian government has implemented various economic development programmes since after the independence. The main goal is to increase the overall populations' socio-economic levels which should lead to improved standard of living, well-beings and quality of life. Unfortunately, in most cases quality of life is been misinterpreted and been associated with other concepts such as standard of living and well-being. Hence, it is usually believed that when the standard of living of the low income households is improved, their well-being and the quality of life have also improved. This paper is to explore the indicators of quality of life form the perspective of low income households in rural areas and to analyse the achievement of quality of life among them. It is also determine whether improve in economic achievement promotes improved in quality of life. The findings discover that many low income households who participated in the socio-economic development programmes organized by the development agencies experience increase in income and hence, increase in their standard of living. The low income households have outlined twelve indicators of quality of life. Each household has its own quality of life indicators and all households agree that their quality of life has also improved even though they have not achieved all the outlined indicators. In addition, all respondents agree that improve in household incomes is the main factor to increase in household standard of living, well-being and quality of life. Keywords: low income household, quality of life, standard of living, well-being. JEL Classifications: O15, P3

A CAD/CAM Zirconium Bar as a Bonded Mandibular Fixed Retainer: A Novel Approach with Two-Year Follow-Up

Stainless steel alloys containing 8% to 12% nickel and 17% to 22% chromium are generally used in orthodontic appliances. A major concern has been the performance of alloys in the environment in which they are intended to function in the oral cavity. Biodegradation andmetal release increase the risk of hypersensitivity and cytotoxicity. This case report describes for the first time a CAD/CAM zirconium bar as a bonded mandibular fixed retainer with 2-year follow-up in a patient who is subjected to long-term treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance and suspected to have metal hypersensitivity as shown by the considerable increase of nickel and chromium concentrations in a sample of patient’s unstimulated saliva. The CAD/CAM design included a 1.8mm thickness bar on the lingual surface of lower teeth from canine to canine with occlusal rests on mesial side of first premolars. For better retention, a thin layer of feldspathic ceramic was added to the inner surface of the bar and cemented with two dual-cured cement types. The patient’s complaint subsided 6 weeks after cementation. Clinical evaluation appeared to give good functional value where the marginal fit of digitized CAD/CAM design and glazed surface offered an enhanced approach of fixed retention