A Case Of Intermediate Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (Lyell Syndrome) Induced By Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate: A Report

Malaria is a parasite disease that is endemic in tropical country as Niger (West Africa). Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) is a synthetic antimalarial drug that is very often used to treat connective tissue diseases such as, scleroderma, systemic or discoid lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. This drug may induce numerous cutaneous adverse reactions as well as the other anti-malarial drugs. We report on a case of intermediate Lyell syndrome that occurred in the first week of treatment of malaria attack with a young woman, aged 19, following the administration of hydroxychloroquine sulfate

Giant cervico-facial mycetoma caused by Streptomyces somaliensis in a 14-year-old girl

Mycetomas are inflammatory pseudo-tumors in multiple locations that affect the skin, the subcutaneous tissues and, sometimes, the bones. Their treatment depends on the type of parasite. Fungal mycetomas, also called eumycetomas, are treated mainly through surgery, while actinomycotic mycetomas are treated primarily with drugs. We report here the case of a 14-year-old girl afflicted with a giant cervico-facial mycetoma. The patient was born to poor and illiterate parents in a rural area of the Diffa province, at 1500 km from the capital city of Niamey. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen allowed a diagnosis of actinomycetoma due to Streptomyces somaliensis. The patient showed a remarkable sensitivity to ketoconazole, but she ultimately died due to a lack of sufficient medication

Cutaneous tuberculosis in Niger: a 9-year retrospective study

Introduction: Cutaneous tuberculosis is a skin infection due to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rarely due to Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium africanum. The disease is difficult to diagnose, given the fact that the skin is seldom a location for tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of the disease in Niger. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study over a period of 9 years in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at the National Hospital of Niamey. The study included all cases of cutaneous tuberculosis that were clinically diagnosed and confirmed or not by some conventional complementary examinations. Results: Over a period of nine years, 49 cases of cutaneous tuberculosis were diagnosed, which represents 0.34% of the total 14376 dermatological consultations in the dermatological unit. Patients of both sexes were affected, but the majority were male with 69% or a sex ratio M/F of 2.26. The patients ranged in age from 6 to over 60 years. The mean age was 34.67 years. Patients between 31 and 40 years were the most affected at 34.69%. A personal or family history of tuberculosis was noted in 8.16% of the cases. Scrofuloderma is the most frequent form of the disease (93.87% of the cases). The average course of the disease before consultation was 30.28 months. The tuberculin skin test was positive in 83.67% of the cases. The TB smear test was positive in only 6% of the cases. The hyperleukocytosis, which was mostly lymphocytic, was noted in 21.62% of the cases. Radiological evaluation was normal in 91.83% of the cases. All patients responded well in 100% of the cases with a treatment period ranging from 6 to 9 months. No clinical and/or biological treatment-related side effects were observed. Conclusion: Cutaneous tuberculosis is still a common infection in third world countries where it affects both sexes. The scrofuloderma is the most observed form in our study. A TB test-based treatment is often a good solution in the face of an array of clinical and epidemiological evidence. Systematic vaccination after birth would drastically reduce all forms of tuberculosis

Epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer in Niger)

The present work aims to bring out the epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer in Niger, especially as no previous studies have worked on the national epidemiology of cancer in Niger. This is a retrospective study in the period 1992 to 2006. The data were collected from the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Niamey, which receives all the swabs intended for the histological analysis from all the Nigerien territory. Among the 5238 cases of cancer, the liver cancer represented 12.3% and came in the second position behind the breast cancer. 242 deaths were registered among liver cancer patients, which makes a specific lethality of 37%. The sex-ratio for males to females of liver cancer cases was 2.3 and the difference was highly significant. However, the specific lethality, which was 37.03% in male patients and 37.69% in female ones, did not display any significant sex difference. The mean age of liver cancer patients was 47.67 ± 14.20 years, and the comparison of the means of age did not display any significant difference between males and females in terms of age. The farmers were the socio-professional group the most affected by liver cancer with 61% of all cases. The patients practicing household activities showed the highest specific lethality, followed by farmers. The study of the repartition of patients according to their origin showed that the major part was from Niamey region with 69%. Because of the seriousness of the liver cancer problem in Niger, the health authorities should pay more attention to this pathology through efficient fight strategies

Xeroderma pigmentosum: Carcinome spinocellulaire infiltrant et délabrant du visage, chez une fillette de 3 ans et demi [Xeroderma pigmentosum: Squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating and disfiguring facial, in a girl of 3 years and a half]

Most of serious complications observed during the development of Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are cancerous. These include skin, eyes, tongue, nervous system, etc. We report the case of a 3 1/2-year-old girl with squamous cell carcinoma infiltrating and disfiguring the face with rapid onset of death. RÉSUMÉ La plupart des complications graves observées au cours de l’évolution du Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) sont de nature cancéreuse. Celles-ci concernent notamment la peau, mais également les yeux, la langue, le système nerveux, etc. Nous rapportons le cas d’une fillette âgée de 3 ans et demie ayant présenté un carcinome épidermoïde infiltrant et délabrant du visage avec la survenue rapide de décès