Prediction Model of Elastic Modulus for Granular Road Bases

The estimation of elastic modulus for road bases is the primary objective of this research which is implemented a significant role in transmitting the vertical loading to the pavement foundation layers. In this study, the effect of weathering conditions on the stiffness of base course is investigated and implied the durability test by subjecting the prepared samples to a different numbers of wet-dry cycles (0,2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). A conventional base materials of local natural gravel aggregate and treated base materials with recycled concrete aggregate RCA at different percentages (0%, 25%, 50% 75% and 100%) is adopted in this research. The elastic characteristics are estimated in terms of elastic modulus. Elastic modulus are estimated by passing the ultrasonic pulse velocity through the untreated and treated base materials laboratory specimens. This test can be used to study the elastic modulus properties of base materials. A multiple linear regression analysis is used for prediction the elastic modulus using the SPSS (software ver.21). Elastic Modulus (kPa) is the dependent variable whereas the independent variable are; No. of wet- dry cycle and Percent (%) of RCA stabilizer. The obtained results for elastic modulus (Es) of granular base material layer showed increasing in elastic modulus with percentage of RCA%., results revealed that the (Es) values reached a maximum value of (6927kPa) for 100%. For the OMC’s values increases due to the percentage increment of RCA in granular base material mixture, this increment in water contents is refer to high absorption capacity of the paste clinging to the RCA. On other side the dry density decrease gradually with adding percentage of (RCA) in granular base material mixture

Determine the Dry Seasons to Some Selected Sites in Iraq Using (GIS)

Meteorological drought has been calculated for selected stations in Iraq (Baghdad, Nasiriyah, Mosul, Najaf, wet, Basra, Diwaniyah, Ramadi, Samawah, Hilla) for the period (1980-2013) using the percentage of natural rain (PN) which widely used, but used for the first time in Iraq. It is a good way to determine the drought area.. Through the account (PN) show  Samawa station recorded the most number of seasons of drought (22), while the Baghdad station recorded the lowest seasons (15), drought was variable from moderately  to severely. Identifying the location and quantity of the drought through the use of geographic information systems GIS). Keywords: Drought for Iraq, Rain, Meteorological Drought and (GIS)

Assessing Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Quantity Using Wells Recharge

In arid and semi-arid countries like Iraq, which suffer from water scarcity due to the effects of climate change and decreased surface water flow, groundwater is considered a vital source of irrigation water. This study is concerned with the influence of artificial recharge on the rehabilitation of the unconfined aquifer called Al-Dibdibba, located between the cities of Najaf and Kerbala in central Iraq around 31°550′ N and 32°450′ N and 43°300′ E and 44°300′ E. Due to excessive groundwater pumping rates for irrigation, this aquifer has suffered from groundwater decline and increased salinization during the previous 20 years. By establishing a conceptual model in the groundwater modeling system software (GMS), a numerical model was made to simulate groundwater flow. Artificial recharge using recycled water (tertiary treatment) from Kerbala's primary WWTP was carried out using 25 injection wells. The model was calibrated against historical and observed water level data for periods from 2016 to 2017. Three scenarios to predict how the aquifer would act with artificial recharge of 5%, 8%, and 10% from the total daily outflow of the WWTP in Kerbala (100000 m3/day) were studied. The calibration model met the observed values of groundwater levels with R2 = 0.989 for steady-state simulations and R2 = 0.987 for transient simulations. In the final analysis of the simulation, the results show that the maximum predicted groundwater level was raised by the injection of treated water through 25 wells by 1.05 m for 5000 m3/day, 2 m for 8000 m3/day, and 3 m for 10,000 m3/day recharge pumping rates. In addition, if water were pumped into the aquifer, it might support the development of agricultural lands covering more than 93 km2. So, artificial recharge can be considered one of the important solutions to adaptation to the effects of climate change and desertification in Iraq. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-010 Full Text: PD

Synthesis and Spectral Analysis of Some Metal Ions Complexes with Mixed Ligands of Schiff Base and 1, 10-Phenanthroline

The free Schiff base ligand (HL1) is prepared by being mixed with the co-ligand 1, 10-phenanthroline (L2). The product then is reacted with metal ions: (Cr+3, Fe+3, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2 and Cd+2) to get new metal ion complexes. The ligand is prepared and its metal ion complexes are characterized by physic-chemical spectroscopic techniques such as: FT-IR, UV-Vis, spectra, mass spectrometer, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, metal content, chloride content and microanalysis (C.H.N) techniques. The results show the formation of the free Schiff base ligand (HL1). The fragments of the prepared free Schiff base ligand are identified by the mass spectrometer technique. All the analysis of ligand and its metal complexes are in good agreement with the theoretical values indicating the purity of Schiff base ligand and the metal complexes. From the above data, the molecular structures for all the metal complexes are proposed to be octahedra

Numerical method for evaluation triple integrals by using midpoint's rule

In this paper, we derive method to find the values of the triple integrals numerically its integrands continuous but have singularity in partial derivatives in the region of the integrals by using Midpoint's rule on the three x,y and dimensions z , and  how to findthe general form of the errors (correction terms) and we will improve the results by using Romberg acceleraion[3],[6] from correction terms that we found it when the number of (l)subintervals that divided interval integral on the exterior dimension z equal to twice the number of subintervals(n) on the interior dimension x and the number of subintervals (m) on the middle dimension y ,that is mean ( h3=1/2 h1 , h1 = h2 ) when h1 means the distances between the ordinates on the x- axis, h2 means the distances between the ordinates on the y- axis and h3 means the distances between the ordinates on the z-axis and we denote to this method by  Mid3 (h1,h2,h3 ) and we can depend on it to calculate the triple integrals because it gave high accuracy in results by few subintervals

Comparing Three Different Algorithms to Estimate Parameters of new Generated Marshal – Olkin Uniform Distribution

This paper deals with constructing a new generated Marshal – Olkin Uniform family distribution which include finding the probability density function

Evaluation of Legislation Adequacy in Managing Time and Quality Performance in Iraqi Construction Projects- a Bayesian Decision Tree Approach

Delay and quality defects are significant problems in Iraqi construction projects. During the period from 2003-2014, legislation has been changed to enhance the performance of construction project. This change is done by modifying some clauses of legislation and adding or deleting the others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of these changes by using questionnaire and Bayesian decision tree model. 30 projects were taken for the period from 2003-2014. Performance of construction project was assessed on one hand by conducting a questionnaire which depend on the impact of legislation clauses on the time and quality performance, while on the other hand Bayesian decision tree model was developed in which qualitative estimate of time and quality performance by using KNIME program. The results of questionnaire estimate the delay from very low to very high and quality from very low to high in Iraqi construction industry. The results of Bayesian decision tree model reveal that the high percentage of construction projects were implemented with very high delay and high level of quality. The model gives good accuracy in prediction time and quality performance about 86.7%. These results show the enhancement in the quality performance is greater than the time performance under the legislative change. The model can assist the Iraqi legislator in evaluation the impact of legislation on time and quality performance of construction project

Epidemiology of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) among mothers in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates

Pre-pregnancy obesity is a risk factor for several health problems such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, labor induction, postpartum hemorrhage, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Being underweight is a risk factor for fetal growth restriction. Despite the negative impact of abnormal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (over and underweight) on pregnancy outcomes, a limited amount of studies has been conducted on the prevalence of pre-pregnancy over and underweight and associated factors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity among mothers with children under the age of 2 years in Abu Dhabi, the UAE. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in 2017 and included data from seven government health care centers in Abu Dhabi. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated as the weight in kilograms (kg) divided by the square of the height in meters (m), (kg/m2). A total of 1,622 mother–child pairs were included in this study. Out of the 1,622 mothers, 43 (2.7%) were underweight, 1,068 (65.8%) were normal weight, 412 (25.4%) were overweight, and 99 (6.1%) were obese. Mothers with advanced maternal age (AMA) (≥35 years) were more likely to be overweight, odds ratio [OR] = 1.93, (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52–2.3), p ≤ 0.001, and obese OR = 2.15 (95% CI 1.32–3.39), p = 0.001. Mothers with lower family income were more likely to be obese OR = 2.72 (95% CI 1.44–5.93), p = 0.002. Mothers with high parity (≥2) were more likely to be overweight OR = 1.91 (95% CI 1.49–2.50), p ≤ 0.001; obese OR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.06–2.92), p = 0.024; and less likely to be underweight OR = 0.52 (95% CI 0.27–0.94), p = 0.037. Obese mothers were more likely to deliver via cesarean section (CS) OR = 1.95 (95% CI 1.27–2.96), p = 0.002. This study provides valuable baseline information on the epidemiology of pre-pregnancy BMI in the UAE. The sociodemographic factors identified in the study can be used to target at-risk women. The study findings can also be used to develop contextualized strategies to prevent and manage complications associated with abnormal pre-pregnancy BMI in Emirati women