Extended Klein-Gordon Action, Gravity and Non-Relativistic Fluid

We consider a scalar field action for which the Lagrangian density is a power of the massless Klein-Gordon Lagrangian. The coupling of gravity to this matter action is considered. In this case, we show the existence of nontrivial scalar field configurations with vanishing energy-momentum tensor on any static, spherically symmetric vacuum solutions of the Einstein equations. These configurations in spite of being coupled to gravity do not affect the curvature of spacetime. The properties of this particular matter action are also analyzed. For a particular value of the exponent, the extended Klein-Gordon action is shown to exhibit a conformal invariance without requiring the introduction of a nonminimal coupling. We also establish a correspondence between this action and a non-relativistic isentropic fluid in one fewer dimension. This fluid can be identified with the (generalized) Chaplygin gas for a particular value of the power. It is also shown that the non-relativistic fluid admits, apart from the Galileo symmetry, an additional symmetry whose action is a rescaling of the time.Comment: 7 pages, two columns. Minor change

Thermodynamics of Lovelock black holes with a nonminimal scalar field

We source the Lovelock gravity theories indexed by an integer k and fixed by requiring a unique anti-de Sitter vacuum with a self-interacting nonminimal scalar field in arbitrary dimension d. For each inequivalent Lovelock gravity theory indexed by the integer k, we establish the existence of a two-parametric self-interacting potential that permits to derive a class of black hole solutions with planar horizon for any arbitrary value of the nonminimal coupling parameter. In the thermodynamical analysis of the solution, we show that, once regularized the Euclidean action, the mass contribution coming form the gravity side exactly cancels, order by order, the one arising from the matter part yielding to a vanishing mass. This result is in accordance with the fact that the entropy of the solution, being proportional to the lapse function evaluated at the horizon, also vanishes. Consequently, the integration constant appearing in the solution is interpreted as a sort of hair which turns out to vanish at high temperature.Comment: 11 page

Planar AdS black holes in Lovelock gravity with a nonminimal scalar field

In arbitrary dimension D, we consider a self-interacting scalar field nonminimally coupled with a gravity theory given by a particular Lovelock action indexed by an integer k. To be more precise, the coefficients appearing in the Lovelock expansion are fixed by requiring the theory to have a unique AdS vacuum with a fixed value of the cosmological constant. This yields to k=1,2,...,[(D-1)/2] inequivalent possible gravity theories; here the case k=1 corresponds to the standard Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian. For each par (D,k), we derive two classes of AdS black hole solutions with planar event horizon topology for particular values of the nonminimal coupling parameter. The first family of solutions depends on a unique constant and is valid only for k>1. In fact, its GR counterpart k=1 reduces to the pure AdS metric with a vanishing scalar field. The second family of solutions involves two independent constants and corresponds to a stealth black hole configuration; that is a nontrivial scalar field together with a black hole metric such that both side of the Einstein equations (gravity and matter parts) vanishes identically. In this case, the standard GR case k=1 reduces to the Schwarzschild-AdS-Tangherlini black hole metric with a trivial scalar field. In both cases, the existence of these solutions is strongly inherent of the presence of the higher order curvature terms k>1 of the Lovelock gravity. We also establish that these solutions emerge from a stealth configuration defined on the pure AdS metric through a Kerr-Schild transformation. Finally, in the last part, we include multiple exact (D-1)-forms homogenously distributed and coupled to the scalar field. For a specific coupling, we obtain black hole solutions for arbitrary value of the nonminimal coupling parameter generalizing those obtained in the pure scalar field case.Comment: 19 pages. Some misprints corrected, some references and comments adde

Thermodynamics of a BTZ black hole solution with an Horndeski source

In three dimensions, we consider a particular truncation of the Horndeski action that reduces to the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and a scalar field whose dynamics is governed by its usual kinetic term together with a nonminimal kinetic coupling. Requiring the radial component of the conserved current to vanish, the solution turns out to be the BTZ black hole geometry with a radial scalar field well-defined at the horizon. This means in particular that the stress tensor associated to the matter source behaves on-shell as an effective cosmological constant term. We construct an Euclidean action whose field equations are consistent with the original ones and such that the constraint on the radial component of the conserved current also appears as a field equation. With the help of this Euclidean action, we derive the mass and the entropy of the solution, and found that they are proportional to the thermodynamical quantities of the BTZ solution by an overall factor that depends on the cosmological constant. The reality condition and the positivity of the mass impose the cosmological constant to be bounded from above as $\Lambda\leq-\frac{1}{l^2}$ where the limiting case $\Lambda=-\frac{1}{l^2}$ reduces to the BTZ solution with a vanishing scalar field. Exploiting a scaling symmetry of the reduced action, we also obtain the usual three-dimensional Smarr formula. In the last section, we extend all these results in higher dimensions where the metric turns out to be the Schwarzschild-AdS spacetime with planar horizon.Comment: 7 page