2,172 research outputs found
Indications of superconductivity in doped highly oriented pyrolytic graphite
We have observed possible superconductivity using standard resistance vs.
temperature techniques in phosphorous ion implanted Highly Oriented Pyrolytic
Graphite. The onset appears to be above 100 K and quenching by an applied
magnetic field has been observed. The four initial boron implanted samples
showed no signs of becoming superconductive whereas all four initial and eight
subsequent samples that were implanted with phosphorous showed at least some
sign of the existence of small amounts of the possibly superconducting phases.
The observed onset temperature is dependent on both the number of electron
donors present and the amount of damage done to the graphene sub-layers in the
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite samples. As a result the data appears to
suggest that the potential for far higher onset temperatures in un-damaged
doped graphite exists.Comment: 7 pages, 1 table, 5 figures, 11 references, Acknowledgments section
was correcte
First Passage Time for Many Particle Diffusion in Space-Time Random Environments
The first passage time for a single diffusing particle has been studied
extensively, but the first passage time of a system of many diffusing
particles, as is often the case in physical systems, has received little
attention until recently. We consider two models for many particle diffusion --
one treats each particle as independent simple random walkers while the other
treats them as coupled to a common space-time random forcing field that biases
particles nearby in space and time in similar ways. The first passage time of a
single diffusing particle under both of these models show the same statistics
and scaling behavior. However, for many particle diffusions, the first passage
time among all particles (the `extreme first passage time') is very different
between the two models, effected in the latter case by the randomness of the
common forcing field. We develop an asymptotic (in the number of particles and
location where first passage is being probed) theoretical framework to separate
out the impact of the random environment with that of sampling trajectories
within it. We identify a new power-law describing the impact to the extreme
first passage time variance of the environment. Through numerical simulations
we verify that the predictions from this asymptotic theory hold even for
systems with widely varying numbers of particles, all the way down to 100
particles. This shows that measurements of the extreme first passage time for
many-particle diffusions provide an indirect measurement of the underlying
environment in which the diffusion is occurring
Apparatus for and method of eliminating single event upsets in combinational logic
An apparatus for and method of eliminating single event upsets (or SEU) in combinational logic are used to prevent error propagation as a result of cosmic particle strikes to the combinational logic. The apparatus preferably includes a combinational logic block electrically coupled to a delay element, a latch and an output buffer. In operation, a signal from the combinational logic is electrically coupled to a first input of the latch. In addition, the signal is routed through the delay element to produce a delayed signal. The delayed signal is routed to a second input of the latch. The latch used in the apparatus for preventing SEU preferably includes latch outputs and a feature that the latch outputs will not change state unless both latch inputs are correct. For example, the latch outputs may not change state unless both latch inputs have the same logical state. When a cosmic particle strikes the combinational logic, a transient disturbance with a predetermined length may appear in the signal. However, a function of the delay element is to preferably provide a time delay greater than the length of the transient disturbance. Therefore, the transient disturbance will not reach both latch inputs simultaneously. As a result, the latch outputs will not permanently change state in error due to the transient disturbance. In addition, the output buffer preferably combines the latch outputs in such a way that the correct state is preserved at all times. Thus, combinational logic with protection from SEU is provided
PCV35 GADOFOSVESET IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE IN CANADA-A MODEL APPROACH FOCUSING ON DIAGNOSTIC CONFIDENCE
Photoexcited transients in disordered semiconductors: Quantum coherence at very short to intermediate times
We study theoretically electron transients in semiconductor alloys excited by
light pulses shorter than 100 femtoseconds and tuned above the absorption edge
during and shortly after the pulse, when disorder scattering is dominant.
We use non-equilibrium Green functions employing the field-dependent
self-consistent Born approximation. The propagators and the particle
correlation function are obtained by a direct numerical solution of the Dyson
equations in differential form. For the purely elastic scattering in our model
system the solution procedures for the retarded propagator and for the
correlation function can be decoupled.The propagator is used as an input in
calculating the correlation function. Numerical results combined with a
cumulant expansion permit to separate in a consistent fashion the dark and the
induced parts of the self-energy. The dark behavior reduces to propagation of
strongly damped quasi-particles; the field induced self-energy leads to an
additional time non-local coherence. The particle correlation function is
formed by a coherent transient and an incoherent back-scattered component. The
particle number is conserved only if the field induced coherence is fully
incorporated. The transient polarization and the energy balance are also
obtained and interpreted.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B; 37 pages,17 figure
Gender, war and militarism: making and questioning the links
The gender dynamics of militarism have traditionally been seen as straightforward, given the cultural mythologies of warfare and the disciplining of ‘masculinity’ that occurs in the training and use of men's capacity for violence in the armed services. However, women's relation to both war and peace has been varied and complex. It is women who have often been most prominent in working for peace, although there are no necessary links between women and opposition to militarism. In addition, more women than ever are serving in many of today's armies, with feminists rather uncertain on how to relate to this phenomenon. In this article, I explore some of the complexities of applying gender analyses to militarism and peace work in sites of conflict today, looking most closely at the Israeli feminist group, New Profile, and their insistence upon the costs of the militarized nature of Israeli society. They expose the very permeable boundaries between the military and civil society, as violence seeps into the fears and practices of everyday life in Israel. I place their work in the context of broader feminist analysis offered by researchers such as Cynthia Enloe and Cynthia Cockburn, who have for decades been writing about the ‘masculinist’ postures and practices of warfare, as well as the situation of women caught up in them. Finally, I suggest that rethinking the gendered nature of warfare must also encompass the costs of war to men, whose fundamental vulnerability to psychological abuse and physical injury is often downplayed, whether in mainstream accounts of warfare or in more specific gender analysis. Feminists need to pay careful attention to masculinity and its fragmentations in addressing the topic of gender, war and militarism
Noncyclic covers of knot complements
Hempel has shown that the fundamental groups of knot complements are
residually finite. This implies that every nontrivial knot must have a
finite-sheeted, noncyclic cover. We give an explicit bound, , such
that if is a nontrivial knot in the three-sphere with a diagram with
crossings and a particularly simple JSJ decomposition then the complement of
has a finite-sheeted, noncyclic cover with at most sheets.Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, from Ph.D. thesis at Columbia University;
Acknowledgments added; Content correcte
Simulating aerosol microphysics with the ECHAM/MADE GCM ? Part I: Model description and comparison with observations
International audienceThe aerosol dynamics module MADE has been coupled to the general circulation model ECHAM4 to simulate the chemical composition, number concentration, and size distribution of the global submicrometer aerosol. The present publication describes the new model system ECHAM4/MADE and presents model results in comparison with observations. The new model is able to simulate the full life cycle of particulate matter and various gaseous precursors including emissions of primary particles and trace gases, advection, convection, diffusion, coagulation, condensation, nucleation of sulfuric acid vapor, aerosol chemistry, cloud processing, and size-dependent dry and wet deposition. Aerosol components considered are sulfate (SO4), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), black carbon (BC), particulate organic matter (POM), sea salt, mineral dust, and aerosol liquid water. The model is numerically efficient enough to allow long term simulations, which is an essential requirement for application in general circulation models. In order to evaluate the results obtained with this new model system, calculated mass concentrations, particle number concentrations, and size distributions are compared to observations. The intercomparison shows, that ECHAM4/MADE is able to reproduce the major features of the geographical patterns, seasonal cycle, and vertical distributions of the basic aerosol parameters. In particular, the model performs well under polluted continental conditions in the northern hemispheric lower and middle troposphere. However, in comparatively clean remote areas, e.g. in the upper troposphere or in the southern hemispheric marine boundary layer, the current model version tends to underestimate particle number concentrations
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