Determination of Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Activities and GC-MS Analysis of Clinacanthus Nutans (Acanthaceae) in Different Locations

Clinacanthus nutans is an essential medicinal plant that had been used in various local remedies to treat many illnesses. A study had been conducted to determine the phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activities and phytochemical compounds of C. nutans in different locations. C. nutans were harvested from eight locations and the leaves were extracted with 80 % methanol by maceration process. Then, the phytochemical screening using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 2,2 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assay method, total phenolic content by Folin Ciocalteu\u27s assay method and total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride (AlCl3) were carried out. The C. nutans extracts showed higher antioxidant activities than phenolic and flavonoid content. The neutral pH sandy clay soil from location KKK (Kuala Ketil, Kedah, Malaysia) had higher antioxidant activities (58.0 %), phenolic (44.1 mg GA.100 g-1) and flavonoid content (30.8 mg QE.100 g-1) compared to other locations. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of phytochemicals constituents of 20 compounds. The results revealed that environmental factors (light intensity, temperature and soil characteristics) of eight locations were responsible for variations of phenolic, flavonoids, antioxidants and GC-MS analysis in C. nutans. The findings of this study will provide baseline data for future breeding programs for commercial cultivation

Treatment with captopril abrogates the altered expression of alpha1 macroglobulin and alpha1 antiproteinase in sera of spontaneously hypertensive rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Proteins that are associated with hypertension may be identified by comparing the 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles of the sera of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with those generated from normotensive Spraque-Dawley rats (SDR).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Five proteins of high abundance were found to be significantly altered when the 2-DE serum profiles of the SHR were compared to those that were similarly generated from the SDR. Analysis by mass spectrometry and database search identified the proteins as retinol binding protein 4, complement C3, albumin (19.9 kDa fragment), alpha1 macroglobulin and alpha1 antiproteinase, which are all known to be associated with hypertension. The altered expression of the two latter proteins was found to be abrogated when similar analysis was performed on sera of the SHR that were treated with captopril.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data suggests that serum alpha1 macroglobulin and alpha1 antiproteinase are potentially useful complementary biomolecular indicators for monitoring of hypertension.</p

Callus induction, plant regeneration and somaclonal variation in in vivo and in vitro grown White shrimp plant (Justicia betonica Linn.)

Justicia betonica Linn. is traditionally used to treat various illness like cough, scaly skin and as an erosion control plant. This paper reports on callus induction and in vitro propagation of J. betonica from 3-week-old petiole and internode explants of this species. Callus was readily induced from petiole explants when cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) fortified with NAA (0.5-2.0 mg L-1), BAP (0.5-2.0 mg L-1), Kinetin (1.0-2.0 mg L-1) and Zeatin (1.0-2.0 mg L-1), while internode explants only showed formation of callus on MS basal and when 0.5 mg L-1 BAP or 1.5 mg L-1 Kinetin were added. Optimum in vitro regeneration in J. betonica had been successfully achieved using internode explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. Rhizogenesis was observed from petiole cultures supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP as well as on MS with 1.5 mg L-1 NAA and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, where the latter had shown the most optimum response, with percentage of root formation of 66.67 ± 5.36. More hormone treatments were observed to yield rhizogenesis from internode explants, especially when cultures were fortified with 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP. Genetic stability in in vitro J. betonica plants was observed by studying the variation in mitotic index and chromosome numbers using cytological data. Similar values of mean Mitotic index (MI) and mean chromosome numbers (2n = 14) indicated that the transfer from in vivo to in vitro environment had no significant effect on genetic stability of this plant. However, the mean nuclear size was found to increase, while the mean cell size was reduced in in vitro J. betonica compared to in vivo plants. In vitro regenerated J. betonica plants were clonally uniform and showed no distinct morphological abnormalities, indicating the lack of somaclonal variation

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP ORANG TUA TENTANGBAHAYA ASAP ROKOK TERHADAP BAYI DI RT 05 RW 008 KEL. BALANG BARU, KEC. TAMALATE MAKASSAR PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN TAHUN 2017

Konsumsi rokok dan tembakau merupakan salah satu faktor utama terjadinya berbagai penyakit tidak menular seperti kardiovaskuler, stroke, penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK), kanker paru, kanker mulut, dan kelainan kehamilan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RW 05 RT 008 Kel.Balang Baru, Kec.Tamalate, Provinsi Sul-Sel Tahun 2017. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian metode survey deskriptif, jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 orang dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu sebagian dari populasi yang bersedia menjadi responden pada saat penelitian. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dengan variabel yang diteliti yaitu pengetahuan dan sikap orang tua tentang bahaya asap rokok terhadap bayi. Hasil penelitian lebih banyak orang tua dalam kategori pengetahuan baik tentang bahaya asap rokok terhadap bayi dengan persentase 87,32% sedangkan berdasarkan sikap lebih banyak orang tua yang dalam kategori sikap baik tentang bahaya asap rokok terhadap bayi dengan persentase. &nbsp

Monograf Konsep dan Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Komputer Grafis

Buku ini membahas terkait “Konsep dan Pengembangan Multimedia Komputer Grafis”. Buku ini penulis kontribusikan untuk dunia pendidikan Indonesia khususnya berkenaan dengan media pembelajaran. Buku ini terdiri dari empat bab. Bab pertama membahas tentang Pendahuluan. Bab kedua membahas tentang Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran yang meliputi Pengembangan, Media Pembelajaran, Model Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran, Makromedia Flash, Komputer Grafis dan Kerangka Pikir. Bab ketiga membahas tentang Metode Kajian yang meliputi Jenis Kajian, Subjek, Prosedur Pengembangan, Instrumen dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data, dan Teknik Analisis Data. Bab keempat membahas tentang Konsep dan Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran Komputer Grafis yang meliputi Desain Flowchart dan Storyboard Multimedia Pembelajaran Komputer Grafis, Gambaran Tingkat Kevalidan Produk Multimedia Pembelajaran Komputer Grafis, Gambaran Kepraktisan Produk Multimedia Pembelajaran Komputer Grafis, Gambaran Keefektifan Produk Multimedia Pembelajaran Komputer Grafis serta Pembahasan

Effect of different solvents extraction on recovery of pigments in Xylocarpus granatum, endangered medicinal plant

Xylocarpus granatum is locally known as Pokok Nyireh Bunga. This endangered mangrove species has economical importance. Pigments of X. granatum were investigated in the mature leaves of seedlings collected from Carey Island, Selangor, Malaysia. The pigments were solvent extracted using 80 methanol, 80 acetone, 80 N,N-dimethylformamide and 100 hexane. As recommended by Bertrand and Schoefs, all the extraction steps were performed under weak light intensity to avoid photosynthetic pigment degradation. The pigments were detected by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography. Aqueous acetone was the best solvent for pigment extraction compared to methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and hexane

Development and characterization of sodium alginate based active edible films incorporated with essential oils of some medicinal plants

PubMed ID: 31843601The aim of this study was to develop sodium alginate based active films incorporated with essential oils (EO) of R. officinalis L, A. herba alba Asso, O. basilicum L and M. pulegium L. the films were characterized in terms of bioactive properties including thickness, moisture content, water vapor and oxygen permeability, release test, mechanical, molecular, biodegradability and thermal properties. The results showed that the active films had a strong antibacterial effect against the six pathogenic bacteria with the inhibition zone between18.5 and 38.67 mm. furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the films ranged from 4.57% to 23.09%. According to results of release test, physical, molecular, mechanical, biodegradability, thermal and barrier properties, the EOs were uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix and improved slightly thermal (Tm) and barrier properties, while decreased tensile strength and it was obtained that this film is biodegradable in the soil. In conclusion, it could be said that sodium alginate based edible films incorporated with EO have a potential to be used food packaging applications. © 2019 Elsevier B.V