Slope Failure Analysis Using Chromaticity Variables

Slope failure has become a major concern in Malaysia due to the rapid development and urbanisation in the country. It poses severe threats to any highway construction industry, residential areas, natural resources, as well as tourism activities. Thus, this study aims to characterise the relationship between chromaticity variables to be manipulated as indicators to forecast slope failure. The concentration of each soil property in slope soil was evaluated from two different localities that consist of 120 soil samples from stable and unstable slopes located along North South Highway and East West Highway. Indicators that could be used to predict shallow slope failure were high value of variable L*(62), low values of variables c* (20) and h* (66). Furthermore, the hues that indicate stable slope based on Munsell Soil Colour Chart are between 2.5YR and 5YR while the hues that indicate unstable slope are between 5YR and 10YR. The overall analysis leads to the conclusion that the reactions and distinctive changes of chromaticity variables between stable and unstable slopes were emphasised as results of significant differences between soil properties, the locations, slope stability and combinations of all interactions

Characterization of soil chemical properties for stable and unstable slope as hazard monitoring rating system for shallow slope failure

Shallow slope failure is the problem that seem like have no ending in the highway construction field in Malaysia. Most of the oxisols in Malaysia is highly weathered and thus it is essential to study the soil properties between stable and unstable slope in terms of chemical characteristics that will lead to the factors of shallow slope failure. The aim of the study is to characterize chemical properties of stable and unstable slope of oxisols soils from 5 sites along highways in Malaysia. Chemically, clay contents, micronutrient contents, soil texture, soil pH value, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon contents, nitrogen contents, phosphorus content, and heavy metal contents are the important elements in soil that could make the soil structure strong or weak. All of them have various relationships to each other, as indicator and binding agents that affects the strong soil structure. Shallow slope failure have strong relationship between CEC and hydrogen content in the soil because both play an important role in binding the negative and positive charges in soil that lead to the stability of the soil structure. In conclusion, indicators that can be used to predict shallow slope failure are low content of Aluminum (Al), Ferum ( Fe), Plumbum (Pb),Zinc (Zn), Chromium ( Cr), low content of organic carbon and CEC

Slope stability rating system

Slope Stability Rating System uses a rating scorecard index that measured 7 variables from soil physical and chemical properties of the highly weathered soil or Oxisols into a single index number. This index was developed to assess trends in slope soil stability quality index and establish baseline levels for different soil and slope types. Slope Stability Rating System is focusing on items such as: 1. Slope Profiles 2. Slope Facilities 3. Slope Soil Chemical Properties 4. Slope Soil Physical Properties 5. Slope Maintenance 6. Innovation Every item above will be rated according to the points given based on the priority. Development of Slope Stability Rating System was developed to cater for the specific demands of local road contractors and highway construction industry needs which involves the process of cutting and filling the slopes; to be implemented in any slope management industries such as highways, housing and tourism accommodation premises areas in assessing the instability of slopes or the probability of occurrence and likely severity of landslides

The potential of soil color properties to predict shallow slope failure in North-South highway slope, Malaysia

Landslides in Malaysia have always been seen as serious issue and posed severe threats to any settlements and structures that support transportation, natural resources, as well as tourism. Eventhough the geology of Malaysia is quite stable, excessive development and urbanization leads to deforestation, weathering and erosion of the covered soil masses causing serious threat to slopes. The extent of damages could be reduced or minimized if a long-term early warning system predicting the landslide prone areas would have been in place. A study was carried along the North-South highway, Malaysia. 60 points consists of stable and unstable slope were visited and soils samples were collected from those stations for laboratory analysis. All the selected slopes for soil sampling are from class 5 (40-50 degree). The aim of the research is to identify the soil color properties to be manipulated as indicator to forecast shallow slope failure. In conclusion, the indicator to predict shallow slope failure is ranged from 5YR to 10YR based on Munsell soil color chart. The hues that indicate stable slope are between 2.5 YR - 5YR while the hues that indicate unstable slope are between 5YR -10YR. This is due to the high contents of clay and sand which affect the soil color to yellowish, red and whitish

Microorganism as plastic biodegradation agent towards sustainable environment

The usage of plastic is critically in demand due to its character which can be shaped into almost any desired shape and its ability to retain that shape. Unfortunately, the wastage of those plastics leads to many environmental issues and hazards towards human health. Basically, plastics can degrade in the environment through four mechanisms which are photodegradation, thermooxidative, hydrolytic degradation and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is subject to microorganism which acts as biodegradation agent. In this case, microorganism will secrete an active enzyme to break down long chain polymers. Microbial enzymes are attractive because the cost to grow and maintain them is less and they are easy to manipulate. Rhizopus delemar , Rhizophus arrizus and Pseudomonas sp. were among the most cited bacteria that have successfully degraded certain type of plastics. Whereas, fungal species of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium funiculosum were recorded by scientist which react with certain plastic’s substrate. The objective of this paper is to review several species of microorganism that have been experimented by scientist and were claimed to have the capability to degrade plastic towards eco-friendly approaches in order to sustain our environment. In conclusion, microorganisms are very effective agent to fasten degradation process of plastics without causing any side effect like chemical or synthetic method does

Microorganism as plastic biodegradation agent towards sustainable environment

The usage of plastic is critically in demand due to its character which can be shaped into almost any desired shape and its ability to retain that shape. Unfortunately, the wastage of those plastics leads to many environmental issues and hazards towards human health. Basically, plastics can degrade in the environment through four mechanisms which are photodegradation, thermooxidative, hydrolytic degradation and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is subject to microorganism which acts as biodegradation agent. In this case, microorganism will secrete an active enzyme to break down long chain polymers. Microbial enzymes are attractive because the cost to grow and maintain them is less and they are easy to manipulate. Rhizopus delemar , Rhizophus arrizus and Pseudomonas sp. were among the most cited bacteria that have successfully degraded certain type of plastics. Whereas, fungal species of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium funiculosum were recorded by scientist which react with certain plastic’s substrate. The objective of this paper is to review several species of microorganism that have been experimented by scientist and were claimed to have the capability to degrade plastic towards eco-friendly approaches in order to sustain our environment. In conclusion, microorganisms are very effective agent to fasten degradation process of plastics without causing any side effect like chemical or synthetic method does

Microorganism as plastic biodegradation agent towards sustainable environment

The usage of plastic is critically in demand due to its character which can be shaped into almost any desired shape and its ability to retain that shape. Unfortunately, the wastage of those plastics leads to many environmental issues and hazards towards human health. Basically, plastics can degrade in the environment through four mechanisms which are photodegradation, thermooxidative, hydrolytic degradation and microbial degradation. Microbial degradation is subject to microorganism which acts as biodegradation agent. In this case, microorganism will secrete an active enzyme to break down long chain polymers. Microbial enzymes are attractive because the cost to grow and maintain them is less and they are easy to manipulate. Rhizopus delemar , Rhizophus arrizus and Pseudomonas sp. were among the most cited bacteria that have successfully degraded certain type of plastics. Whereas, fungal species of Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium funiculosum were recorded by scientist which react with certain plastic’s substrate. The objective of this paper is to review several species of microorganism that have been experimented by scientist and were claimed to have the capability to degrade plastic towards eco-friendly approaches in order to sustain our environment. In conclusion, microorganisms are very effective agent to fasten degradation process of plastics without causing any side effect like chemical or synthetic method does