Maritime confidence building measures in the South China Sea conference

ASPI hosted a conference on Maritime Confidence Building Measures (MCBMs) in the South China Sea, 12-13 August 2013 in  Sydney. The objective of the conference was to develop proposals for prospective MCBMs for the South China Sea.  This report includes speeches by Senator Bob Carr, then Australia’s Minister for Foreign Affairs, Professor Dr Hasjim Djalal, Senior Advisor to the Indonesian Minister for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries and Indonesian Naval Chief of Staff and VADM Ray Griggs, Australia’s Chief of Navy. Papers by Dr Sam Bateman, Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Captain Justin Jones, Sea Power Centre – Australia and Mr Kwa Chong Guan, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies in Singapore further inform on the topic. The report contains a summary record of the conference and the Chairman’s final statement from the conference

Strategi penegakan peraturan pengutamaan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di ruang publik

Penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di ruang publik semakin tergusur oleh maraknya penggunaan bahasa asing dan bahasa daerah. Makalah ini bertujuan mengungkapkan wujud penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di ruang publik serta strategi yang dapat dilakukan sebagai upaya penegakan pengutamaan penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di ruang publik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode observasi korelasional dan bersifat analitik

Disembarkation Options of Illegal Migrants Rescue at Sea

The issue of rescuing distress people at sea, is a very important issue for Indonesia, particularly because it is an archipelagic country situated between two oceans and two continents and it becomes a major route for migrants due to its various maritime straits and the ‘porous’ coastlines. These geographical factors have also exacerbated some of the problems, particularly of some undocumented migrants and refugees passing through Indonesia, either by land, sea, or by air. The flow of illegal migrants to or through Indonesia has increased in recent years, particularly from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Iraq, Iran, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan, that require comprehensive solution, either domestically, bilaterally, or regionally

Piracy in South East Asia: Indonesian & Regional Responses

Piracy in high seas has caused a problem itself because there are no particular jurisdictionof any state that governed it. This particular issue falls onto universal jurisdiction in which any state has a jurisdiction to enforce their national regulation about piracy itself. On the other hand, we don’t have sufficient international instrument which obliges the contracting states initiating a cooperation between them to combat piracy. An international cooperation, and even on regional basis (such as ASEAN and Asia-Pacific region) has already taken initiatives to combat piracy. Indonesia, as one of the states involved in international and regional basis regarding combating the piracy has its own problems concerning human resources, financial resources, and facility which caused aggravation the problem of law enforcement at sea of Indonesia. Furthermore, it would cause western waters in Indonesia as basis of activity on piracy, such as Melaca Strait, Singapore Strait, Karimata Strait and South China Sea

Enzyme digestibility of starch and methods to produce enzyme-resistant starch to improve human health

The objectives of this study were to understand how intrinsic and extrinsic factors of o2 and QPM starches affected the enzyme digestibility of their starches, to develop novel and economical technologies to produce RS for health benefits. Enzyme digestibilities of starch present in opaque-2 maize (o2) and quality protein maize (QPM) were analyzed to evaluate the uses of the two maize mutants for food, feed, and ethanol production. The starch granules of the dry-ground o2 maize and QPM were hydrolyzed faster than those of the dryground wild-type (WT) maize using porcine-pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA). The differences in the hydrolysis rates of these starch granules were attributed to the lower protein content of the o2-maize kernels in general and the lower amylose content of the severe o2 mutant B46o2 and QPM starches than the WT counterparts when subjected to PPA hydrolysis. The starch granules in the dry-ground maize samples were also hydrolyzed faster than the starch granule isolated from whole kernels by wet milling. This difference could be attributed to the presence of mechanically damaged starch granules and endogenous amylases in the dryground maize samples. All the results suggested that the starch granules in the o2 maize and QPM are desirable for feed and ethanol production. A novel starch with high enzyme resistance was produced by complexing high-amylose maize starch VII (HA7) with fatty acid (FA) to increase the starch-lipid complex content of the HA7 granules and to enhance the enzyme resistance. The production of the HA7-FA complex involved pre-swelling and debranching HA7 starch to facilitate the starch-lipid complex formation. The resistant starch (RS) contents of the HA7-FA complex made from stearic acid and palmitic acid were up to 75% determined using AOAC Method 991.43 for dietary fiber. The presence of the amylose-lipid complex in the HA7-FA products was confirmed using DSC thermograms and X-ray diffractograms. The increase in the enzyme resistance of the HA7-FA products was attributed to the amylose-lipid complex formation and the restriction of starch granule swelling during cooking. The restricted swelling of the starch granules reduced the accessibility of amylase to hydrolyze the starch. Bread made from 60% of the HA7-palmitic acid (PA) complex containing 34.4% RS was used for a human-feeding study. After ingesting the HA7-PA bread, the postprandial plasma-glucose and insulin responses of 20 healthy male human subjects was reduced by 45% and 57%, respectively, from that obtained after ingesting white bread as the control. The results suggested that the HA7-PA can be used for interventions of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Extrusion cooking was used to enhance the RS content of normal-maize starch. Acid-modified normal-maize starch was extrusion cooked followed by hydrothermal treatment at 110yC. The RS contents of the extruded products were not significantly different from those obtained from the batch-cooked products. The RS contents of the batch-cooked and extruded products increased up to 17% and 33% determined using the AOAC Method 991.43 and Englyst\u27s method, respectively, after the hydrothermal treatment. The RS contents of the batch-cooked and extruded products were attributed to the presence of retrograded amylose and crystalline starch-lipid complex. Both had melting temperatures above 100yC

Nilai Moral Dalam Novel Mawar Hitam Karya Fajar Dwi Putra: Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Sebagai Bahan Ajar Sastra Di Sma

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan (1) struktur yang membangun novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra, (2) nilai moral yang terkandung dalam novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra dengan tinjauan psikologi sastra, dan (3) implementasi hasil penelitian novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra sebagai bahan ajar sastra di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah nilai moral dalam novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kalimat dan paragraf yang terdapat dalam novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra dan SK KD Kurikulum KTSP dan KI KD Kurikulum 2013 mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari dua sumber, yaitu sumber data primer berupa novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra dan dokumen Kurikulum (KTSP dan 2013) dan sumber data sekunder berupa artikel di internet yang berjudul “Pernikahan Adalah Sumber Masalah” yang terdapat pada http://krjogja.com/read/198405/pernikahan-adalah-sumber-masalah-benarkah.kr. Teknik pengumpulan data yakni teknik pustaka dan catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode pembacaan model semiotik, yakni pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Struktur novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra dapat dilihat dari kepaduan antara tema dan fakta cerita berupa alur, penokohan, dan latar. Tema yang diangkat adalah kehidupan rumah tangga. Alur cerita menggunakan alur maju. Penokohan terdiri dari tokoh antagonis, protagonis, dan tokoh bawahan. Latar terdiri dari latar tempat, latar waktu, dan latar sosial. (2) Nilai moral yang terkandung dalam novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra terdiri atas moral kejujuran, moral keberanian, moral kemandirian, moral tanggung jawab, moral otentik, moral kerendahan hati, dan moral realistis dan klitik. (3) Implementasi novel Mawar Hitam karya Fajar Dwi Putra ini dapat diimplementasikan pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia kurikulum KTSP dan kurikulum 2013 jenjang SMA yang ditekankan pada kelas XI dengan SK 7 KD 7.2. dan pada kelas XII dengan KI 3 dan KD 3.3. Kata kunci: Novel, Mawar Hitam, nilai moral, psikologi sastra, implementasi sebagai bahan ajar sastra di SM

Pola Motivasi Dalam Novel Habibie Dan Ainun Karya Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie : Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pembelajaran Sastra Indonesia Di SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan struktur pembangun novel HDA karya Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, (2) mendeskripsikan pola motivasi tokoh novel, (3) dan memaparkan implementasinya sebagai bahan ajar di SMA. Jenis dan strategi penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dan studi terpancang. Objek penelitian ini adalah pola motivasi dalam tokoh tinjauan psikologi sastra. Data penelitian ini berupa paragraf, kalimat, dan kata yang berhubungan dengan struktur dan pola motivasi yang terkandung dalam novel. Sumber data primer pada penelitian ini adalah novel HDA karya Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie. Sumber data sekunder penelitian ini adalah journal, artikel di internet tentang riwayat hidup Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie dan buku-buku lain yang relevan dengan penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pustaka, simak dan catat. Teknik Validitas data menggunakan trianggulasi teori. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode pembacaan semiotik yaitu pembacaan heuristik dan hermeneutik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis struktural, tema dalam novel tentang kekuatan cinta. Tokoh-tokoh yang dianalisis adalah Ainun, BJ Habibie, Ilham Thareq, Pak Harto, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, dan Andi Muhammad Jusuf Amir. Alur yang digunakan dalam novel ini adalah alur maju. Latar waktu pada novel terjadi skitar tahun 1962-2010, latar tempat dalam yaitu Jakarta, Aachen Jerman Barat, Jalan Rangga Malela Bandung, Jalan Imam Bondjol Bandung, Kekerbeck Jerman, rumah sakit Bad Oeynhusuen Jerman, dan latar sosial kehidupan Ainun yang selalu berperan aktif dalam kehidupan sosial. Berdasarkan tinjauan psikologi sastra. Pola motivasi yang ada pada novel HDA yaitu (a) achievement motivation (motivasi menghadapi tantangan) , (b) affiliant motivation (motivasi untuk bersosialisasi), (c) competence motivation (motivasi berprestasi) dan (d) power motivation (motivasi mengambil resiko). Pola motivasi pada novel HDA karya Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie dapat diimplementasikan sebagai bahan ajar di SMA