Continuous variable entanglement on a chip

Encoding quantum information in continuous variables (CV)---as the quadrature of electromagnetic fields---is a powerful approach to quantum information science and technology. CV entanglement---light beams in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) states---is a key resource for quantum information protocols; and enables hybridisation between CV and single photon discrete variable (DV) qubit systems. However, CV systems are currently limited by their implementation in free-space optical networks: increased complexity, low loss, high-precision alignment and stability, as well as hybridisation, demand an alternative approach. Here we show an integrated photonic implementation of the key capabilities for CV quantum technologies---generation and characterisation of EPR beams in a photonic chip. Combined with integrated squeezing and non-Gaussian operation, these results open the way to universal quantum information processing with light

Simulation of Transitions between "Pasta" Phases in Dense Matter

Calculations of equilibrium properties of dense matter predict that at subnuclear densities nuclei can be rodlike or slablike. To investigate whether transitions between phases with non-spherical nuclei can occur during the collapse of a star, we perform quantum molecular dynamic simulations of the compression of dense matter. We have succeeded in simulating the transitions between rodlike and slablike nuclei and between slablike nuclei and cylindrical bubbles. Our results strongly suggest that non-spherical nuclei can be formed in the inner cores of collapsing stars.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, final version published in Phys. Rev. Lett., high-res figures can be seen at http://www.nordita.dk/~gentaro/research/fig

Nitration and Amination of Poly(diphenylacetylene)s and Their Properties

Poly[1-phenyl-2-[p-(tritnethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene] [PTMSDPA] was synthesized by metathesis polymerization. PTMSDPA was nitrated using the mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid to give a nitrated polymer. Amination of the nitrated polymer was achieved by the reduction of nitro groups with SnCl_2 • 2H_2 O using polymer membrane. Nitration and Amination were confirmed by comparison of IR spectra before and after reaction, although the molecular weights of polymers were decreased during nitration reaction. Nitrated poly(diphenylacetylene) exhibited high gas permeability. Aminated polymers was much higher the CO_2 permselectivity of than that of the other poly(diphenylacetylene)s. Aminated polymers exhibited high CO_2 permselective and relatively high gas permeability, and hence they are promising candidates for CO_2 separation membranes

Synthesis of Novel Polymers Containing Fluorenes and Their Gas Permeability

To develop new membrane materials, poly(fluoreneethynylene)s [PFEs] having alkyl groups at 9-position of fluorene were synthesized by ADIMET polymerization. PFEs with 2-ethylhexyl groups (2a) and dodecyl groups (2b) were obtained in high yields and their weight-average molecular weights were as high as 524,000 and 781,000 , respectively. The obtained polymers were soluble in CHCI3 and partly soluble in toluene and THF. Polymer (2d) was synthesized by Pd/Cu-catalyzed polymerization. The free-standing membranes of (2a) and (2d) could be prepared by solvent-casting method, and the gas permeability was measured. Their gas permeability was almost the same as that of poly(p-phenyleneethynvlen e)s reported previously

Microscopic Study of Slablike and Rodlike Nuclei: Quantum Molecular Dynamics Approach

Structure of cold dense matter at subnuclear densities is investigated by quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations. We succeeded in showing that the phases with slab-like and rod-like nuclei etc. can be formed dynamically from hot uniform nuclear matter without any assumptions on nuclear shape. We also observe intermediate phases, which has complicated nuclear shapes. Geometrical structures of matter are analyzed with Minkowski functionals, and it is found out that intermediate phases can be characterized as ones with negative Euler characteristic. Our result suggests the existence of these kinds of phases in addition to the simple ``pasta'' phases in neutron star crusts.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, RevTex4; to be published in Phys. Rev. C Rapid Communication (accepted version

A case of metastatic cancer with markedly elevated PSA level that was not detected by repeat prostate biopsy

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used specific tumor marker for prostate cancer. We experienced a case of metastatic prostate cancer that was difficult to detect by repeat prostate biopsy despite a markedly elevated serum PSA level. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old man was referred to our hospital with lumbar back pain and an elevated serum PSA level of 2036 ng/mL. Computed tomography, bone scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging showed systemic lymph node and osteoblastic bone metastases. Digital rectal examination revealed a small, soft prostate without nodules. Ten-core transrectal prostate biopsy yielded negative results. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was started because of the patient’s severe symptoms. Twelve-core repeat transrectal prostate biopsy performed 2 months later, and transurethral resection biopsy performed 5 months later, both yielded negative results. The patient refused further cancer screening because ADT effectively relieved his symptoms. His PSA level initially decreased to 4.8 ng/mL, but he developed castration-resistant prostate cancer 7 months after starting ADT. He died 21 months after the initial prostate biopsy from disseminated intravascular coagulation. CONCLUSION: CUP remains a considerable challenge in clinical oncology. Biopsies of metastatic lesions and multimodal approaches were helpful in this case

Aberrant High Expression of B Lymphocyte Chemokine (Blc/Cxcl13) by C11b+Cd11c+ Dendritic Cells in Murine Lupus and Preferential Chemotaxis of B1 Cells towards Blc

We observed here that the expression of B lymphocyte chemokine (BLC/CXCL13) was markedly enhanced in the thymus and kidney in aged (NZB × NZW)F1 (BWF1) mice developing lupus nephritis, but not in similarly aged NZB and NZW mice. BLC-positive cells were present in the cellular infiltrates in the target organs with a reticular pattern of staining. CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells were increased in the thymus and spleen in aged BWF1 mice and identified as the major cell source for BLC. CD4+ T cells as well as B cells were dramatically increased in the thymus in aged BWF1 mice, whereas no increase was observed in aged NZB and NZW mice. B1/B2 ratio in the thymus was significantly higher than those in the spleen and peripheral blood in aged BWF1 mice. Interestingly, BLC showed preferential chemotactic activity for B1 cells derived from several mouse strains, including nonautoimmune mice. Cell surface CXCR5 expression on B1 cells was significantly higher than that on B2 cells. Thus, aberrant high expression of BLC by myeloid dendritic cells in the target organs in aged BWF1 mice may play a pivotal role in breaking immune tolerance in the thymus and in recruiting autoantibody-producing B cells in the development of murine lupus