Improving the anti-corrosion properties via surface modification for silicon dioxide by conductive polymer

The modification of silicon dioxide surface via polyaniline (PANI) prepared by in-situ polymerization method. PANI and PANI-SiO 2 were characterized using Fourier transform infrared; X-ray diffraction and digital multimeter was used to measure conductivities for samples. Morphology of the synthesized PANI and PANI-SiO2, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Samples were then used as pigments through blended with acrylic paint and applied on the surface of carbon steel panels. Corrosion was evaluated for coating of carbon steel panels through; full immersion test, salt spray test and adhesion test up to standards; ASTMG 31, ASTM B117 and ASTM D3359 respectively. Corrosion rate and coating adhesion were calculated after finished exposed periods in acidic Medias. Digital camera also used for monitored corrosion visually on the surface of carbon steel specimens. The results revealed that acrylic paint pigmented by SiO2 modified by polyaniline, more efficiently in corrosion protection for carbon steel than each of PANI and SiO2

Article Effects of Viscous Dissipation on the Slip MHD Flow and Heat Transfer past a Permeable Surface with Convective Boundary Conditions

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Improvement on Alcohol Breath-Analyzer Ethanol Biosensor based on Roselle-Chitosan Blend

This paper presents a study on designing of a breath-analyzer ethanol biosensor through vaporization technology. A roselle extract and chitosan smart gel were used to fabricate the bio-sensing material. Sol-gel electrochemical deposition method was used to coat a thin film of the sensing material blend on patterned golden surface printed circuit board. Differentiation, response time and repeatability properties were studied by exposing 100ppm, 50ppm and 25ppm of ethanol vapor to the breath-analyzer. The accuracy of the breath-analyzer was tested by using I-V electrical testing. The analyzed data demonstrated that the breath-analyzer ethanol biosensor is capable of identifying the concentration of ethanol vapor at room temperature successfully, which can be used as analyzer of alcohol concentration when the sensor exposed to the exhale breath. The roselle-chitosan film sensors have shown the characteristic of a reliable sensor i.e. good sensitivity, selective, repeatable, able to recover and stable

TVET in The 21st Century: Exploring Multimedia Elements in Digital Teaching and Learning Based On Art Content

Research in digital teaching and learning (T&L) focusing on multimedia elements based on art content is essential in enhancing the quality of the curriculum delivery. In addition, research on art content in digital T&L for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is limited. Thus, this paper explores the elements of multimedia components in T&L for TVET based on art content. Art content refers to the subject matter or the message conveyed by the presentation. The research utilizes the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) as methodology. In the first phase, five experts specializing in multimedia and art were interviewed. After finalizing the interview results, a matrix analysis that combines the literatures finding was developed in order to determine the multimedia elements based on the art content. In the second phase, nine experts, including five from the first phase, validated the elements using the instrument. By using the Fuzzy Delphi Method, average values of m1, m2, and m3, 'd' or Threshold value, expert’s consensus and Fuzzy Evaluation were derived from the data. Findings indicates that forty items out of four components which are emotional, subjective, execution, and psychological have been validated by the experts and reach 75 per cent of consensus. In conclusion, multimedia components based on art content in digital T&L for TVET should be utilized as a reference in developing digital content to provide future T&L standards for educators

A study on shelf life prolonging process of chili soy sauce in Malaysian SMEs’ (Small Medium Enterprise)

This research paper presents the possible solutions to prolong the shelf life of spicy (chili) soy sauce. The current spicy soy sauce formulation is without adding preservative which result in shorter shelf life. It is suggested to add chemical preservative to this spicy soy sauce in order to prolong its shelf life without jeopardising its prevailing taste. The proposed preservative is sodium benzoate. It is hope that by adding sodium benzoate, it can prolong the shelf life of the products from one year to two years without jeopardising the taste and quality of the products. The problem to extend the shelf life of spicy (chilli) soy sauce was 100% solved. The product could be extended to 2 years without adding any preservative (sodium benzoate) as the main raw material (soy sauce) purchased from “Kicap Jalen” had been added sodium benzoate as their preservative to prolong the soy sauce shelf life. All the physicochemical and nutritional analysis shown good results. As for the microbiological analysis, all the 3 samples shown good results on the total plate count

Mechanical, thermal, tribological, and flammability properties of polybutylene terephthalate composites: Comparing the effects of synthetic wollastonite nanofibers, natural wollastonite, and graphene oxide

Abstract Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) composites were prepared with 1.0 phr synthetic :wollastonite nanofibers (SWN), natural wollastonite (NW) and graphene :oxide (GO) to study the effect of different fillers on mechanical, thermal, tribological,and flammability properties. The properties of PBT composites arerelated to the size, structure, and interfacial adhesion of the fillers in PBT matrix. PBT/SWN demonstrated the highest tensile strength and Young's modulus (6% and 9% increment), followed by PBT/NW (1.3% and 7% increment) and PBT/GO (2% decrement and 4% increment). PBT/SWN gave the highest degradation temperature (409�C), followed by PBT/GO (404.7�C). The maximum enhancement in wear resistance (73%) by PBT/SWN and anti-friction performance (26%) by PBT/GO evinced the excellent load-bearing ability of SWN and the great lubricating effect of GO. PBT/NW had the lowest peak heat release rate, smoke, and carbon dioxide production rate. This study shows that :PBT composites have great potential in different automotive applications. :KEYWORDS :flame retardance, friction and wear, mechanical properties, polymer-matrix composites,thermal properties Received: 24 August 2022 Revised: 28 October 2022 Accepted: 15 November 2022 DOI: 10.1002/app.53463 J Appl Polym Sci. 2022;e53463. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/app © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. 1 of 1

Asessing the effect of emulsion viscosity on the adesive properties of model waterbone acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives

In recent years, increasing social and political awareness, coupled with the tightening of worldwide environmental legislation, has forced coating industries to decrease levels of pollutant substances released to the atmosphere. Solvents from the coatings industry are considered to be volatile organic substances. For this reason there is an increasing tendency to move away from conventional solvent-borne coatings to those that use water as the fluid vehicle [1]. One of the more important film-forming pigment binders used in water borne coatings is that class of resins known as acrylics. Acrylic polymers are widely used as pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, one the dispersed phase, existing as discrete droplets dispersed throughout the other, the continuous phase. In the case of emulsion polymerization the continuous phase is comprised mainly of water and is therefore termed the aqueous phase. Emulsion polymer is actually a dispersion of solids, or semi-solids, polymer particles in a continuous aqueous phase. Acrylic polymer emulsions give excellent weather resistance, water and alkali resistant films due to the main polymer chain’s carbon-carbon bonds. However, the elasticity and abrasion resistance of acrylic polymer emulsions are inferior [2]. It has long been recognized that the reaction pathway in emulsion. Polymerization plays a decisive role in determining the particle morphology and consequently the emulsion polymers properties. Zhao and his co workers carried out a study of structured polymer latex particles which were prepared by a swelling emulsion polymerization process, in which the initial particles are first swollen by ethylenically unsaturated monomers and the polymerization of the latter is then carried out [3]. Latex particle size distribution (PSD) is probably the most important variable in designing low viscosity, concentrated aqueous polymer dispersions. Asua and colleagues prepared the adhesive and rheological properties of model acrylic pressuresensitive adhesives (PSA) films prepared from high solid emulsions with different particles sizes and distributions have been investigated with a customized probe tack apparatus. The results showed that a broad PSD is favored over a narrow a PSD and that the present of large particles is recommended [4]. The molecular weight directly influences the final viscosity of the resins. The viscosity of the polymer is further strongly influenced by the rigidity of the sequences. At identical molecular weights and at equal concentrations, a solution of polymethyl methacrylate for example will be much more viscous than a solution of polybutyl acrylate. Another factor strongly influencing viscosity is the formation of associations. In non-polar solvents, the carboxyl groups have a strong tendency to form associations between one another via hydrogen bonding. These hydrogen bonds markedly increase the viscosity. The degree of polymerization is proportional to the concentration of monomers and inversely proportional to the initiator concentration. As a general rule, the lower the concentration of monomer, the lower the molecular weight of the polymer. The higher concentration of initiator, the lower the final molecular weight obtained [5]

The Effect Of Blending Acrylic Grafted Pvc And Pvc K-66 With Abs On Impact And Flexural Properties

Blends of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were studied. The blends were prepared in different ratios by melt blending technique. High rigidity, medium impact and super high impact ABS were used as the base polymer. Acrylic grafted PVC and PVC K-66 were incorporated into the blends. Particular emphasis was on Izod impact test. The impact strength of the blends increased with increasing content of PVC. Interestingly, the result shows that the highest impact strength occurs when acrylic grafted PVC was added into super high impact ABS. However, it was observed that when PVC is incorporated in ABS, there is a decrease in the flexural modulus. The least decrease occurred when PVC K-66 was added into high rigidity ABS. These observations are consistent with the morphological studies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that an increase in PVC content results in greater ductility

Preparation and characterization of polyethersulfone hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes made from PES/NMP/PEG 400/WATER

The objective of this study is to develop nanofiltration hollow fiber membrane from a sophisticated multi component spinning dope. Polyethersulfone (PES) asymmetric nanofiltration (NF) hollow fibers membranes were prepared by a simple dry/wet phase inversion process from spinning solution consisted of N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), Polyethylene-glycol (PEG 400) as polymeric additive and pure water as a non-solvent additive. These fibers have been produced from a newly developed spinning solution with a mass ratio of 21.34/31.22/10.2/7.24 (PES/NMP/PEG/water). The dope formulation was designed to be very close to its cloud point (binodal line) in order to speed up the coagulation of the nascent fibers so that the relaxation effect on molecular orientation is reduced. Sodium chloride solution was used to determine the rejection rate of the membranes. In order to achieve high performance NF membranes, the effects of shear rate on the separation performance of NF hollow fiber membrane were studied. Thus, different dope extrusion rate (DER) ranging from 2.0 to 3.5 cm3/min were used to produce the fibers. The results are used to correlate the relationship between DER and the separation performance (rejection) of the membrane. Experimental results show a significant effect of extrusion shear on the rejection rate of the membranes. As the shear rate was increased, the rejection increased until a certain level, before the rejection decreases. Finally, the optimum shear rate was observed in this study and it was about 2.5 cm3/min. In conclusion, we demonstrated that increasing the shear rate (DER) experienced by the spinning solution during membrane fabrication increased the molecular orientation and this had favorable effect on membrane rejection

Mechanical, chemical & flammability properties of ABS/PVC blends

The first completely synthetic plastic, phenol-formaldehyde, was introduced by Baekeland in 1909, nearly four decades after Hyatt had developed a semisynthetic plastic-cellulose nitrate (Chanda and Roy, 1993). In 1927 poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and cellulose acetate were developed, and 1929 saw the introduction of urea- formaldehyde (UF) resins (Chanda and Roy, 1993). The development of new polymeric materials proceeded at an even faster pace after the war. Epoxies were developed in 1947, and acrylonitrile-butad iene-styrene (ABS) terpolymer in 1948 (Chanda and Roy, 1993). The next two decades saw the commercial development of a number of highly temperature-resistance materials. More recently, other new polymer materials were introduced, including several exotic materials which are mostly very expensive