Kesan Merebus Ke Atas Kandungan Zat Sayuran Kekacang (Effect of Boiling on the Nutrient Contents of Vegetable Legumes)

Kajian telah dibuat ke atas kandungan proksimat, kalsium dan Jerum di dalam empat jenis kekacang iaitu kacang botor (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), kacang sepat (Dolichos lablab), kacang kelor (Moringa oleifera) dan kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis) sebelum dan selepas dire bus. Kalsium ditentukan dengan menggunakan "A tomic A bsorption Spectrophotometer" dan ferum dianalisis dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Didapati kandungan protein di dalam kacang botor ialah 2.2 g, kacang sepat 2.3 g, kacang keLor 3.9 g dan kacang panjang 3.6 g bagi tiap-tiap 100 g seLepas dire bus. Kandungan protein berkurangan dengan signifikan (P < O. 05) di daLam kacang keLor dan kacang sepat seLepas dire bus. Kandungan kalsium di daLam kacang botor selepas direbus iaLah 54.5 mg, kacang sepat 23.9 mg, kacang kelor 45.6 mg, kacang panjang 39 mg bagi setiap 100 g. Kandungan kalsium berkurangan dengan signifikan (P < 0.05) seLepas sayur kekacang terse but dire bus. Kandungan ferum bagi kacang botor selepas dire bus ialah J, 1 mg, kacang sepat 0.7 mg, kacang kelor 1.5 mg, dan kacang panjang 0.9 mg untuk setiap 100 g sampel. Kandungan ferum berkurangan dengan signifikan (P < 0.05) selepas sayur kekacang dire bus

Vitamin B, Relative Nutritive Value and Palatability of Germinated Com (Zea mays L.) 1

Changes in the riboflavin, niacin, thiamin and Relative Nutritive Value (RNV) in germinated com were studied. The corn were germinated for four days at 30°C and then dried at 50°C and ground. The vitamins were analysed by microbiological methods. The RNV was analysed by using Tetrahymena pyriformis W ATCC 10542. Acceptability was evaluated on corn chips made from germinated com. The three vitamins and the Relative Nutritive Value of the corn chips were also analysed

Nutritional and amino acid contents of differently treated Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)seeds

The effects of sun-drying and boiling sun-drying on the nutritional composition of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) seeds, grown from Malaysia, were investigated. The treatments were raw freeze-dried Roselle seeds (RRS), sun dried Roselle seeds (DRS) and boiled sun-dried Roselle seeds (BRS). Protein, lipids and dietary fibre were found to be high in all the treatments. The seeds, regarded as by-product of Roselle processing had 57.3% moisture. Raw freeze-dried, sun dried and boiled sun-dried seeds contained 6.81%, 9.9% and 9.8% moisture; 35.4%, 33.5% and 30.6% protein; 27.2%, 22.1% and 29.6% lipids; 2.3%, 13.0% and 4.0% available carbohydrate; 25.5%, 18.3%, and 19.2% total dietary fibre; and 7.4%, 7.5% and 6.6% ash, respectively. The carbohydrate, protein, lipids and moisture of RRS were significantly different (p < 0.05) from DRS and BRS. The predominant minerals in Roselle seeds were potassium (99–109 mg/100 g), magnesium (26–28 mg/100 g) and calcium (24–31 mg/100 g). The total dietary fibre of the seeds was within the acceptable range, with soluble and insoluble fibre ratios ranging from 1.2 to 3.3. The study detected 17 essential and nonessential amino acids. The seeds were rich in lysine (14–15 g/100 g), arginine (30–35 g/100 g), leucine (15.4–18.6 g/100 g), phenylalanine (11–12 g/100 g) and glutamic acid (21–24 g/100 g). The study indicated that Roselle seeds may serve as a potential source of functional ingredients

Antiproliferative properties and antioxidant activity of various types of Strobilanthes crispus tea.

Regarding to the promising pharmacotherapeutic properties of Strobilanthes crispus (Acanthaceae) plant, we report here, the development of nutraceutical herbal tea from S. crispus young and old leaves and evaluate the potential antiproliferative properties and antioxidant activity in vitro. Unfermented and fermented tea (Camellia sinensis) preparation was applied for development of S. crispus tea. Antiproliferative properties of S. crispus tea extracts were determined by the microculture tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay against human breast cancer cell lines (hormone dependent, MCF-7, non-hormone dependent, MDA-MB-231). The results showed that S. crispus tea only inhibit the proliferation of human hormone dependent breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) but not the non-hormone dependent breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231). The antioxidant activity was determined using FRAP (Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power) and DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the hot water extract of S. crispus tea showed high antioxidant activity especially S. crispus unfermented tea from old leaves. But the tea from the leaves of C. sinensis displayed better antioxidant activity

Recent updates on metabolite composition and medicinal benefits of mangosteen plant

Background Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruit has a unique sweet-sour taste and rich in beneficial compounds such as xanthones. Mangosteen has been originally used in various folk medicines to treat diarrhea, wound, and fever. More recently, it has been used as a major component in health supplement products for weight loss and promoting general health. This is perhaps due to its known medicinal benefits including as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation. Interestingly, the publications related to mangosteen has surged in recent years suggesting its popularity and usefulness in research laboratories. However, there is still no updated reviews (up to 2018) in this booming research area, particularly on its metabolite composition and medicinal benefits. Method In this review, we have covered recent articles within the year of 2016 to 2018, which focuses on several aspects including the latest findings on compound composition from mangosteen fruit as well as its medicinal usages. Result Mangosteen has been vastly used in medicinal areas including as anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-diabetes treatments. Furthermore, we have also described the benefits of mangosteen extract in protecting various human organs such as liver, skin, joint, eye, neuron, bowel, and cardiovascular tissues against disorders and diseases. Conclusion All in all, this review describes the numerous manipulations of mangosteen extracted compounds in medicinal areas and highlights the current trend of its research. This will be important for future directed research and may allow researchers to tackle the next big challenge in mangosteen study; drug development and human applications

Microcalcifications segmentation using three edge detection techniques

Edge detection has been widely used especially in medical image processing field. In this paper we are comparing Sobel, Prewitt and Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) edge detection techniques in segmenting the boundary of microcalcifications. The edge detection must satisfy the breast phantom scoring criteria before the segmentation phase is carried out. Then, all of the edge detection techniques are implemented in the Enhanced Distance Active Contour (EDAC) model for the segmentation process. Results obtained from Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve shows that the Prewitt edge detection has the highest value of AUC, followed by the Sobel and LoG which are 0.79, 0.72 and 0.71 respectively

Nutrition education intervention improves nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices of primary school children : a pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in knowledge, attitude and practices of primary school children after receiving a nutrition education intervention for 6 weeks. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice at pre- and post-intervention. A total of 335 students from four primary schools were assigned to either intervention or comparison group. The intervention group received nutrition education taught by trained school teachers while the comparison group received the standard Health and Physical Education curriculum. A generalized linear univariate procedure was used to compare changes in knowledge, attitude and practice scores between intervention and comparison groups with ethnicity, weight-for-age, mother’s and father’s employment as confounding factors. There were significant increments (p<0.001) in the post intervention mean scores of knowledge (2.17 vs. 0.47), attitude (1.40 vs. 0.32) and practice (0.87 vs. -0.10) items for the intervention group compared to comparison group. The changes in knowledge (F=17.72, p<0.001), attitude (F=6.41, p<0.05) and practice (F=15.49, p<0.001) in the intervention group were maintained even after adjusting for confounding factors. The findings support the importance of providing children with nutrition knowledge to promote healthy dietary behaviors

Nutritional Assessment of Pre-School Children in Rural Villages of the Family Dynamics, Lifestyles and Nutrition Study (1997-2001) II. Prevalence of Undernutrition and Relationship to Household Socio-Economic Indicators

This paper describes the nutritional status of pre-school children and analyzes its relationship to various household socio-economic indicators. Padi, rubber and fishing villages from the Functional Groups Study (1992-1996) were selected for having a high prevalence of child undernutrition, and all children between the ages of 12 and 72 months were measured for their weights and heights in April-May 1998. The NCHS reference values were used to calculate z-scores, which were categorised according to WHO (1983) recommendations. Children between minus 2SD and minus 1SD of reference median were classified as mildly malnourished. Prevalence of underweight was higher (30.5%) than stunting (22.3%), while wasting was only 9.7%. Padi villages had the highest prevalence of undernutrition, followed by fishing, and then rubber villages. Mean household incomes were found to be significantly lower for children with worse nutritional status, and undernutrition was higher in households below the poverty line income. The odds ratios for having stunted children were significantly higher for households whose heads were agricultural own-account workers (OR 3.66, 95% CI = 1.37-9.79), agricultural waged workers (OR 2.75, 95% CI = 1.06-7.10), and non-agricultural manual workers (OR 2.49, 95% CI = 1.04-6.00) compared to non-manual workers. Various household socio-economic indicators showed significantly higher odds ratios for underweight, stunting and wasting. After adjusting for confounding effects by logistic regression analysis, however, only mother’s education was found to be a significant predictor for stunting, while poverty level and access to piped water supply were significant predictors for both underweight and stunting. Households without livestock were significant predictors for wasting. Thus, this study identified specific socio-economic factors that should be prioritized for policy and research towards the amelioration of childhood malnutrition in rural areas

Characterization of alignment strategy to achieve a reliable alignment accuracy in advanced lithography

One of the most crucial challenges in lithography is achieving rapid and accurate alignment under a wide variety of conditions brought about by different processing steps. Processing steps may change the nature of alignment mark. Either the mark is deformed or the mark profile is asymmetric, a change in the nature of alignment mark may affect its generated signal behavior. Hence, the objective of this work is to choose a robust alignment mark so that even though there is an extreme process variation, the alignment process still produced reliable alignment accuracy. Unreliable alignment accuracy increased the rework rate, lowered the yield, and eventually may lead to device failure. In this work, several type of alignment mark was evaluated over a range of process variation. From this set of evaluated alignment marks, B2 is the most robust alignment mark within the specified process variatio