Novel Approaches in Optimal Control and Their Application to Find Analytical Solutions for Minimum-Time Ascending Maneuver

Of utmost importance to development of UAVs, is an automatic flight system. Minimum-time maneuvers however, are most challenging due to the fact that dynamic and kinematic constraints should not be violated while conservative assumptions on actuator limits, compromise optimality. A major hindrance in minimum time to climb is that the kinematic constraint introduces a redundant state which makes the Hamiltonian quite difficult to handle while numerical methods are distrustful for that the resulting system of two-point boundary value problem is unbounded. To overcome these, a novel approach to a class of problems will be suggested. It is proved herein how this method allows the cost functional to be changed so that the number of state variables is reduced. These results facilitate the finding of the analytical optimal solution to reaching a waypoint with any initial but no final boundary conditions on the angle of trajectory. For when the final angle of the trajectory is specified, a method will be proposed. The solutions found here can be used by an RHPC method

Selected Herbal Plants as Growth and Health Promoters in Broiler Chickens

A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of herbal supplementation as a growth and health promoters. An in vitro procedure was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the fruit of Solanum torvum, whole plant of Euphorbia hirta, and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa and Zingiber zerumbet. Among the five herbal plants studied only the aqueous extract of Euphorbia hirta showed considerable growth-inhibiting activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Phytochemical screening and a toxicity evaluation of the selected plants was carried out in experiment II. Phytochemical screening study showed that selected plants contained volatile oils, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids. Alkaloids and steroids were only detected in the aqueous extract of Euphorbia hirta. Toxicity evaluation also showed that based on liver enzyme and histopathology the herbal aqueous extracts were not toxic when administered 2,000 mg/kg body weight by the oral route. Experiment III was conducted to examine the effects of dietary Euphorbia hirta supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibilities, digesta pH and ileal microbial population. 600 one-day-old broilers (Cobb-500) were housed in 30 pens of 20 birds each until day 42. The dietary treatments were: (1) basal diet (control), (2) basal diet + 0.02 g/kg virginiamycin (VM), (3) basal diet + 1.5 g/kg acidifier (OrgacidsTM) (OA), (4) basal diet + 2.5 g/kg E. hirta (EH2.5), (5) basal diet + 5 g/kg E. hirta (EH5.0) and (6) basal diet + 7.5 g/kg E. hirta (EH7.5). The higher levels of E. hirta inclusion (7.5 g/kg) improved FCR of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. The highest AMEn and protein digestibility were observed in EH7.5 group. On day 21, the total aerobic bacteria counts in the ileum content of the EH2.5, VM and control groups were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other groups. OA and VM supplementation significantly increased (P<0.05) Lactobacillus count at day 21 and the lowest Lactobacillus count was noted in the EH7.5 birds. At 42 days, feeding of EH2.5 promoted greater numbers of lactobacillus, to compare with other groups and the lowest Lactobacillus count was enumerated in the control birds. On day 21, except for ileum and cecumn, OA significantly reduced (P<0.05) pH value. The trend in pH value of the gastrointestinal tract on day 42 and 21 was similar

Particulate starch, its effects as a filler in high density polyethylene

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Rapid advances continue in the acquisition 6f new fundamental knowledge of starch and a vigorous expansion in the use of starch is proceeding in both food and non-food applications. Results are here reported on starch-filled high density polyethylene which reveal reinforcement effects of starch on the thermoplastic. This significant development makes starch a most promising organic filler. This work is primarily a study of the mechanical and thermal properties of starch-filled high density polyethylene and attempts to identify changes caused in the structure of this polymer due to starch filler. Particular attention has also been given to changes in crystallinity and microscopic appearance. Because preliminary studies showed that enhanced effects were obtained when using starches of small particle size, much effort was given to developing a simple method of extraction of starches from the many varieties of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) plants in order to get the best possible yield and freedom from agglomerates. Because of the absence of recorded data it was necessary to study the physical properties of these starches. The theory and application of small-angle light scattering was reviewed because of its value as a technique for the characterization of starches and spherulitic polymer studies. One hundred and twelve Taro starches were characterized in terms of average particle sizes by the above technique. Starches with particle sizes ranging from 3 micron to 50 micron were investigated in order to establish the size/effect relationship in starch polymer composites. Methods of increasing the adhesion between filler and polymer matrix have also been studied, as has also the stripping of amylopectin from starch grains by cold acid treatment. Acid treatment, surprisingly, produced composites of increased mechanical strength in high density polyethylene, implying that a true reinforcing filler has been created. Results from differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction studies revealed that an increase in degree of crystallinity in high density polyethylene was associated with the presence of starch

Clay Minerals Deposit of Halakabad (Sabzevar- Iran)

Clay minerals are expanded in south of Sabzevar. They are identified with light color in the filed. The XRD and XRF chemical and mineralogical studies on the Clay minerals indicated that their main clay minerals are Kaolinite, Illite and Dickite. Pyrophyllite is minor clay mineral. Quartz and Sanidine non clay minerals are present with clay minerals .Ratio of Al2O3 is about 40 per cent, it is very good for industrial minerals .Volcanic rocks are origin clay minerals .Their composition are basic to acidic. In south of Sabzevar town there is a small part of these rocks available which include volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks .Geochemical and petrographic studies showed that their compositions are generally  acidic and  intermediates  and are of Dacite and Rhyolite and Andesite rocks type that have changed into clay minerals

Investigating the relationship between organizational climate and organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness among school managers: A case study in Fars province in Iran

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational climate and organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness of the managers of the secondary schools in Fars. The research method is descriptive of correlational type and the statistical community consists of managers working in secondary school in the year 2012-2013 (1500 people). The sample size is 306 people based on Morgan tables. The managers were chosen randomly from a number of schools in Fars. Data collection tools were three questionnaires on Halbyn and Craft organizational climate (1963), Porter et al organizational commitment (1974), Fayol, Freedman, and Lailz (2001) were used which their reliability coefficient is 0.81, 0.81, and 0.88, respectively. For data analysis, inferential statistic methods were used (Pearson correlation and multiple regression) using SPSS 19. The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between organizational climate and commitment and effectiveness and also between support components, cooperative and friendly and organizational commitment and also between instructional components and effectiveness. Moreover, threatening and collaborative dimensions have more ability to predict organizational commitment and supportive, instructional, and threatening dimensions have more ability in predicting the effectiveness