A Case Report of Opioid Induced Hypomania and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and bipolar disorder are common psychiatric illnesses and there are many challenges in pathology and their treatment. In recent years, the role of opioid system in the pathology of these disorders has been considered. In this report, we present a case with simultaneous episodes of hypomania and OCD following opium use. CASE REPORT: The 65-year-old man, who was suffering from irritability, talkativeness, over spending and frequent washing following use of opium, visited in psychiatric clinic. After administration of 30 mg of methadone every day, all her symptoms improved. During 12 years of follow-up, we observed that her symptoms recurred when the patient was taking opium again. Few days after repeat prescription of methadone, these symptoms subsided. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study emphasize the role of opioid system in the pathology of obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder, at least when there are comorbid

Identification of rice hybrids using microsatellite and RAPD markers

Having produced a series of hybrid rice varieties especially the first Iranian hybrid rice (IRH1), fingerprinting and genetic purity determination of hybrid seeds were conducted using microsatellite(SSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Sixteen rice genotypes including 3 cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines, 5 restorer lines and their 8 hybrid combinations were used in thisstudy. Ten out of fourteen SSR markers produced polymorphic bands in the 16 rice genotypes. The first Iranian hybrid rice, IRH1, could be differentiated from other hybrids possessing a unique SSRfingerprint. Although the SSR markers amplified the unique fingerprints for the restorer lines, they could not differentiate between 2 CMS lines (Neda-A and Nemat-A) and their resultant hybrids. The rice CMSlines and restorer lines could be uniquely identified by RAPD multilocus amplified profile at 7 informative loci. Cluster analysis based on shared alleles and Jaccard’s similarity coefficient using UPGMA algorithm, grouped the rice genotypes into 3 and 4 major clusters according to their microsatellite and RAPD fragment similarities respectively. Non-parental bands were also observed in addition to parental bands which probably correspond to heteroduplex molecules formed by two allelic sequences of different amplified fragments. This demonstrates that heteroduplex bands can be an indicative feature for identifying hybrid individuals

Semi-random PCR markers for DNA fingerprinting of rice hybrids and theirs corresponding parents

Molecular markers technology provides novel tools for DNA fingerprinting of rice hybrids to assess hybrid seed purity. Semi-random PCR primers targeting intron-exon splice junctions (ISJ) were used to analyze the rice genome with the aim of evaluating potential of these markers for identification and classification of rice hybrids. A total of 21 primers were tested for screening eight hybrid combination and their corresponding parents. Among 185 amplification products, 42.7% have polymorphic bands. The average number of bands per primer and genotype were 15.41 and 11.56, respectively. The genetic similarity between lines ranged from 0.47 to 0.95 with an average similarity index of 0.75. Cluster analysis based on Dice's similarity coefficient using UPGMA procedure grouped the cultivar into 5 clusters. A set of 5 semi-random primers characterized all the genotypes from each other, which can be used for identification of these hybrid and their parental lines. IT/10-1 and IT31/15 multilocus primers were the most-informative loci for DNA profiling and differentiation. Because of its rapidity and reliability of semi- random primers, it seems to be a suitable method for DNA typing and discrimination of rice hybrids

The effect of environmental index on mental health in nurses working in emergency and non emergency wards in Khorramabad hospitals

زمینه و هدف : یکی از دغدغه های ذهنی جوامع امروزی ، تامین سلامت و بهداشت روانی افراد به خصوص پرستاران است . پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین عوامل مرتبط با شاخص های محیط کار بر سلامت روان پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان های شهر خرم آباد انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: این یک مطالعه مقطعی است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه پرستاران در بیمارستان مذکور که شامل 433 نفر و نمونه آماری شامل 207 نفر از پرستاران دو بخش بودند که در بیمارستان عشایر با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس و در بیمارستان تامین اجتماعی با روش سرشماری انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات عبارت بودند از : پرسشنامه اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی، پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی GHQ و نمره بندی تنش های محیط کار WES که پایایی و روایی آنها تایید شده است. برای آزمودن فرضیات از آزمون t مستقل ، تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و ضریب همبستگی استفاده گردید. یافته ها : در تحقیق حاضر 119 زن و 88 مرد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند که 43.30 درصد پرستاران در بخش اورژانس و 57/69 درصد در سایر بخش ها مشغول به کار بودند. نتایج آزمون t مستقل نشان داد که تفاوت معناداری بین میانگین نمرات سلامت روان در پرستاران بخش اورژانس (71.14±19.29) در مقایسه با پرستاران سایر بخش ها (48.13±13.30) وجود ندارد (0.654=p). نتیجه گیری : ﭼﻨﺎن ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ مطالعه ﺣﺎﺿﺮ نشان می دهد ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺎﻏﻼن در ﺑﺨﺶ اورژاﻧﺲ ﺗﺮوﻣﺎی ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮی را ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ی ﺣﻮادث ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎرانشان تجربه کرده اند، تفاوت معنی داری بین اختلالات مرتبط با سلامت روان ناشی از فشار عصبی و روانی محیط کار در پرستاران بخش های اورژانس و غیر اورژانس در ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﺳﺘﺎن ﻳﺎﻓﺖ نشد

Comparative antibacterial effects of essential oils of Melissa officinalis and Deracocephalum moldavica L. against some pathogenic bacteria in food in vitro

زمینه و هدف: استفاده از نگهدارنده‌های شیمیایی و مضرات آنها، سبب شده که تولید کنندگان مواد غذایی اخیرا گرایش به استفاده از نگهدارنده‌های طبیعی در مواد غذایی پیدا کنند. اسانس‌های گیاهی که همان روغن‌های فرار (volatile oils) می باشند، روغن‌های مایع و معطر گیاهان اند. گیاهان معطر حاوی اسانس هایی با خواص ضد میکروبی هستند. در این مطالعه اثرات ضدباکتریایی اسانس‌های بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis) و بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica) علیه 4 باکتری بیماریزای مواد غذایی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بررسی شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی پس از تهیه باکتری های مورد بررسی، با روش انتشار بر روی دیسک قطر هاله ممانعت از رشد و با روش میکرودایلوشن حداقل غلظت ممانعت از رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی برای هر دو اسانس بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو تعیین شد و جهت مقایسه نتایج از نرم افزار SPSS با آزمون T test استفاده گردید و سطح اختلاف معنی دار کمتر از 0/05 انتخاب شد(P< 0/05). یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه بیانگر تاثیر ضد میکروبی قوی دو اسانس فوق روی این باکتری ها بود. باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس با حداقل غلظت ممانعت کنندگی mg/mL 1/2 (برای هر دو اسانس) حساس‌ترین باکتری در مقابل اسانس‌های بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو بود. در این میان اسانس بادرنجبویه اثرات ضد باکتریایی قوی‌تری علیه باکتری‌های مورد آزمایش در مقایسه با اسانس بادرشبو داشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل بیانگر توان مهارکنندگی و ضد باکتریایی اسانس های بادرنجبویه و بادرشبو علیه این میکروارگانیسم های بیماریزا می باشد که می تواند بعنوان یک ماده ضد میکروبی گیاهی، جایگزینی مناسب برای ترکیبات شیمیایی ضد باکتری باشد و در صنایع غذایی و داروسازی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد

Effect of Omega-3 on Rat Sperm DNA Methylation and Histological Structure of Testis after Treatment with Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin (BEP)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: During the cancer treatment course, in addition to the destructive effects on the tumor cells, chemotherapy also damages healthy tissues and disrupts the balance of oxidant and antioxidant levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of omega-3 on sperm DNA methylation and histological structure of rat testis after treatment with combination chemotherapy using bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP). METHODS: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into four groups of control, BEP, BEP+omega-3 and omega-3 (n=10). The control group was treated with 0.9% normal saline intraperitoneally for 18 weeks. The second group (BEP) first received 0.9% normal saline intraperitoneally for nine weeks. Then, it received BEP at 5.1 mg / kg for nine weeks, received etoposide and cisplatin at 5.7 mg/kg through gavage on days 1-5 of each week, and then received bleomycin at 75 mg/kg on days 2 of each week. The third group was gavaged with 0.9% saline for 9 weeks and then, orally received 300 mg/kg/day omega-3(capsule containing 1000 mg, 18% EPA and 12% DHA) for 9 weeks and in BEP + omega-3 group treated with BEP based on the same method and then orally received 300 mg/kg omega-3 as an antioxidant for the second nine weeks daily. Sperm DNA methylation and histological structure of rat testis including seminiferous tubules and basement membrane thickness were respectively evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and Periodic acid – Schiff (PAS) after 18 weeks of treatment in all groups. FINDINGS: The mean percentage of sperm DNA methylation in the BEP-treated group (52.22±3.11) was significantly decreased compared to the control group (81.80±2.92) (p<0.001). However, the mean percentage of sperm DNA methylation increased significantly with omega-3 use after treatment with BEP (67±2.18) compared with BEP group (p<0.01). In light microscopy of testicular tissue, the number of spermatogonial cells (44.95±1.56), primary spermatocytes (47.60±1.45) as well as the epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules (145.5±5.64) and basement membrane (7.07±0.29) decreased in the BEP-treated group in comparison with control group (p<0.001). However, the use of omega-3 after treatment with BEP significantly improved the number of germ cells and epithelial thickness of the seminiferous tubule and basement membrane (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, omega-3 as an antioxidant can improve the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs and it is recommended to be used for cancer patients after chemotherapy to reduce the cytotoxicity of these drugs

The Effect of Low‑Dose Ketamine (Preemptive Dose) on Postcesarean Section Pain Relief

Background: Postsurgical pain is the main cause of anxiety in patients; therefore, analgesics (adjuvants) such as preemptive doses of ketamine with minimal adverse effects would be beneficial. However, studies are needed regarding their efficacy. Aim: To determine the preemptive effect of intravenous ketamine on pain intensity and need to opioids in cesarean section which performed under spinal anesthesia. Subjects and Methods: The study was a randomized, double‑blinded, clinical trial involving 60 term parturients for cesarean, using random block method, they were divided into two groups of each. The case group received ketamine with dose of 0.2 mg/kg and the control one normal saline with the same volume. Pain intensity was compared in 0,30,60,90,120,150, and 180 min and 6,12,18, and 24 h after surgeries with visual analog scale (VAS) index. The average opioid usage was compared during 24 h after those too. Final analyses were done with Mann‑Whitney, Chi‑square, and Spss.v. 16 (P &lt; 0.05 was meaningful level). Results: There was not significant statistical difference on average VAS during interrupted times (F = 0.15, P = 0.70). Average dosage of diclofenac suppository and mean time for taking the first dosage of opioids have not statistical difference too (respectively; P = 0.76, P = 0.87). Average dose of pethidine was lesser than placebo statistically. It means, the case group did not take pethidine but this amount was 6 (20%) in the control one (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Taking the preemptive dosage of ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) before cesarean could act as a probably model for decreasing opioid consumption. Keywords: Ketamine, low dose, pain relief, preemptiv

Urban Growth Prediction Using Cellular Automata Markov: A Case Study Using Sulaimaniya City in the Kurdistan Region of North Iraq

Many cities in the Kurdistan Region have witnessed a rapid change in land use during the last two decades. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing have been broadly utilized to monitor and detect urban growth prediction. In this paper, three Landsat TM 5 and one Landsat 8 of Sulaimaniya city were used to identify and develop an urban growth map for 1991, 1998, 2006 and 2014. A supervised classification approach was applied; in order to predict urban growth, the Markov chain and CA-Markov models were used. The result demonstrates that validation of CA-Markov to forecast 2006 land cover map is ineffective in reasonably predicting land coverage for this time period; however this model had significant validation for the year 2014 and also has a good forecast power for 2024. Keywords Land Use Change/Cover, Urban Growth Prediction, Supervised Classification, Markov Chain, CA-Markov, Validation