Uloga pacijenta, liječnika i zdravstvenog sustava u iskustvima oboljelih od raka tijekom ambulantnog onkološkog liječenja

Background: Today, cancer is one of the most important medical problems. Successful management of cancer patients requires an understanding of their experiences. The study aimed to explore cancer patients’ experiences under outpatient oncology treatments. Methods: The phenomenological approach was used to access the depths of experiences felt by patients. The study was done in specialized cancer hospitals and private hospitals. Data was gathered through in-depth and unstructured interviews with participants with previous arrangements. Data precision and robustness were determined based on Guba and Lincoln criteria. Data analysis was carried out based on Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Results: A total of 9 people participated in this study. The experiences of cancer patients were categorized into five main concepts, including 1) Individual problems, 2) Expectations from the physician and health care system, 3) the quality of the health care system, 4) Coping with cancer, and 5) Support in the fight against cancer. Conclusions: These patients have a wide range of medical, psychological, support, and emotional needs, which are only known to themselves. Cancer itself is not the source of all these problems; instead, they have various sources, including family, society, policy-making, and treatment teams, many of which can be solved with proper education. Therefore, it is necessary to offer comprehensive planning, starting with medical teams, and create the required infrastructures in society.Dosadašnje spoznaje: Danas je rak jedan od najvažnijih medicinskih problema. Uspješna sveobuhvatna skrb o pacijentima s rakom zahtijeva razumijevanje njihovih iskustava. Cilj studije bio je istražiti iskustva pacijenata s rakom tijekom ambulantnog onkološkog liječenja. Metode: Fenomenološki pristup korišten je za pristup analizi iskustava koje proživljavaju pacijenti. Istraživanje je provedeno u specijaliziranim bolnicama za rak i privatnoj bolnici. Podaci su prikupljeni kroz dubinski i nestrukturirani razgovor sa sudionicima. Preciznost i robusnost podataka određeni su na temelju Gubinih i Lincolnovih kriterija. Analiza podataka provedena je na temelju Colaizzijeve metode u sedam koraka. Rezultati: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 9 osoba. Iskustva pacijenata s rakom kategorizirana su u pet glavnih koncepata, uključujući 1) Individualni problemi, 2) Očekivanja liječnika i zdravstvenog sustava, 3) kvaliteta zdravstvenog sustava, 4) Suočavanje s rakom i 5) Podrška u borbi protiv raka. Zaključci: Ovi pacijenti imaju širok raspon medicinskih, psiholoških, potpornih i emocionalnih potreba, koje su poznate samo njima. Sam rak nije izvor svih tih problema; Umjesto toga, imaju različite izvore, uključujući obitelj, društvo, timove za donošenje politika i liječenje, od kojih se mnogi mogu riješiti odgovarajućim obrazovanjem. Stoga je potrebno ponuditi sveobuhvatno planiranje i edukaciju, počevši od medicinskih timova, i na taj način stvoriti potrebnu infrastrukturu u društvu

Comparison of operation room staffs and patients perspectives from “patient privacy” in the operating room

Background and aims: Privacy is one of the fundamental human rights and its consideration during health care is required and caused to maintain dignity and trust between the nurse and patient. This study was performed with the aim of investigateing the privacy of patients in the hospital operating room of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences from the view of the staff and patients. Methods: This research was a decscriptive-analytic study. 38 operating room personnel and 88 patients who had surgery were selected by census and simple random sampling. Data were collected by a questionaire made by researcher. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with chi-square and t- test. Results: The results showed paying respect to privacy in physical dimention was considered from the standpoints of operating room personnel 62.9, the researcher's observations 60.7 and patients 78.9. Paying respect to privacy has been estimated in social dimension from the view of staff and patients’and the researcher's observation 4, 11, and 5.3, respectively. Paying respect to privacy was considered from informational dimension, from the staff, patients’, and researcher's observations views 54.2 and 79.5, respectively. In total, the results showed there was significant relationship between paying respect to privacy and gender so that more precent of patients stated having no paying respect privacy in physical dimension (P=0.022). Conclusion: Therapy personel and researcher’s observations due to awareness of legal and ethical rules in this regard evaluated paying respect patient’s privacy in the low level. It is obvious to pay more attention personnel and authorities to moral standards in patient care

The effect of corrective exercises on musculoskeletal disorders of Khoramabad workers

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به لزوم شناخت اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی در کارگران به منظور ارتقاء سلامت آنان به عنوان بخش عظیمی از سرمایه کاری کشور و کمبود مطالعه در زمینه ارائه راهکار برای بهبود این اختلالات، مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر تمرینات ورزشی اصلاحی بر اختلالات اسکلتی عضلانی کارگران در شهر خرم‌آباد در سال 1391، انجام شد. روش بررسی: مطالعه حاضر پژوهشی نیمه تجربی است، جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه کارگران مرد مرکز صنعتی شماره 1 و 2 شهر خرم‌ آباد بود. 320 نفر در ارزیابی اولیه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که 196 نفر با توجه به معیارهای ورود به مطالعه، شرایط مطالعه را داشته و به پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه استاندارد بررسی اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی نوردیک بود. برنامه اصلاح اختلالات با توجه به موارد شناسایی شده (113 مورد) توسط کارشناس تربیت بدنی اجرا شد. تمرینات اصلاحی به صورت کششی و تقویتی در 24 جلسه به مدت 8 هفته انجام شد. یافته‌ها: 113 نفر سابقه درد و ناراحتی در اندام و اعضاء اسکلتی عضلانی خود داشتند و هیچ‌گونه سابقه قبلی بیماری نداشتند. 58 کارگران حداقل در یکی از نواحی نه‌ گانه مورد بررسی بدن دچار اختلالات اسکلتی- عضلانی بودند که بیشترین شیوع در ناحیه کمر (6/31)، گردن (8/19) شانه (5/29) و زانو (8/17) بود. پس از مداخله کاهش معنی ‌داری (05/0˂P) در مشکلات تمامی نواحی نه ‌گانه دیده شد. نتیجه‌گیری: تمرینات اصلاحی باعث کاهش درد و مشکلات اسکلتی- عضلانی کارگران می‌شود

Wiki, a New Wave of Innovation for Teaching and Collaborative Learning

Abstract Educational technology is a dynamic major which is ever developing. In the past, educational technology was one dimensional, but nowadays it has become multi-dimensional, flexible and learner-centered. A revolution has happened in teaching methods from the perspective of web. Novel technologies in web and new role of users' have led to the appearance of application programs on the basis of collaborative and social intelligence. Users have active participation, exploit their own beliefs, make the target concept, edit it and participate there. The most important feature of this kind of media is users' ability to participate in its content production. Users can exploit wikis in the process of educational technology. A wiki is a social medium which enables users to produce and edit constantly in an HTML environment. The aim of this article is to introduce wikis as educational and training tools. The degree to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decision-making on how to equip them is discussed

Description of Ditylenchus paraparvus n. sp. from Iran with an updated list of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae)

Hashemi, Kobra, Karegar, Akbar (2019): Description of Ditylenchus paraparvus n. sp. from Iran with an updated list of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Zootaxa 4651 (1): 85-113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.

Investigating the Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Cyperus rotundus L. on the Expression of Bcl-x1 Antiapoptotic Gene in Rats’ Hippocampus Tissue Following Global Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the tissue damage happened when blood supply returns to the tissue after a period of ischemia or shortage of oxygen. This brain injury initiates an inflammatory response involving the expression of adhesion molecules and cytokines. The aim of this study is investigating the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cyperus rotundus L. on the expression of the Bcl-x1 antiapoptotic gene in rats’ hippocampus tissue following global ischemic-reperfusion injury. In the present study, attempts were made to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cyprus rotundus L. on the expression of the Bcl-x1 antiapoptotic gene in rats’ hippocampus tissue following global ischemic-reperfusion. To this end, eighteen male Wistar rats (250-300 g body wt) were used in this study. The animals were divided into three classes, each including 6 rats, I: Control class without ischemia-reperfusion, II: Ischemia-reperfusion class that was subjected to all surgical procedures, III: extract injection class that received Cyperus rotundus L. after ischemia. Seventy two hours after ischemia-reperfusion, the hippocampus was derived for studying the changes in bcl-xl gene expression. Q real-time PCR was employed for the detection of bcl-xl gene expression in ischemia and extract groups, and then their results were compared with normal samples. The results showed the generations of 0.6233, 0.23, and 0.9933 for control, ischemia, and ischemic extract groups, respectively. Moreover, it was found that the bcl-xl gene expression declined in ischemia group as compared to the extract group. A significant difference in the bcl-xl gene expression was observed in ischemia group when compared with the groups which had both injection and ischemia. These findings are consistent with anti-apoptotic properties of the bcl-xl gene. It can be concluded that this method creates a powerful tool for the investigators to study brain ischemia and the responses to the treatment which are caused by the injection of Cyprus rotundus L

New and known species of Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941 (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Iran with an updated list of species

Hashemi, Kobra, Karegar, Akbar (2020): New and known species of Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941 (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Iran with an updated list of species. Zootaxa 4729 (4): 482-500, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4729.4.

Intraspecific variations of morphometric indices of some species of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae) in relation to diet and temperature

Hashemi, Kobra, Karegar, Akbar, Hamzehzarghani, Habibalah (2022): Intraspecific variations of morphometric indices of some species of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae) in relation to diet and temperature. Zootaxa 5125 (5): 451-482, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5125.5.

Wiki, a New Wave of Innovation for Teaching and Collaborative Learning

Educational technology is a dynamic major which is ever developing. In the past, educational technology was one dimensional, but nowadays it has become multi-dimensional, flexible and learner-centered. A revolution has happened in teaching methods from the perspective of web. Novel technologies in web and new role of users’ have led to the appearance of application programs on the basis of collaborative and social intelligence. Users have active participation, exploit their own beliefs, make the target concept, edit it and participate there. The most important feature of this kind of media is users’ ability to participate in its content production. Users can exploit wikis in the process of educational technology. A wiki is a social medium which enables users to produce and edit constantly in an HTML environment. The aim of this article is to introduce wikis as educational and training tools. The degree to which these obstacles affect ICT users and institutes can support decision-making on how to equip them is discussed