Reduction of seafood processing wastewater using technologies enhanced by swim–bed technology

The increasing growth of the seafood processing industries considerably requires more industrial process activities and water consumption. It is estimated that approximately 10–40 m3 of wastewater is generated from those industries for processing one-tonne of raw materials. Due to limitations and regulations in natural resources utilization, a suitable and systematic wastewater treatment plant is very important to meet rigorous discharge standards. As a result of food waste biodegradability, the biological treatment and some extent of swim-bed technology, including a novel acryl-fibre (biofilm) material might be used effectively to meet the effluent discharge criteria. This chapter aims to develop understanding on current problems and production of the seafood wastewater regarding treatment efficiency and methods of treatment

Rheological Characteristics of Municipal Thickened Excess Activated Sludge (TEAS): Impacts of pH, Temperature, Solid Concentration and Polymer Dose

Rheological characterization of sludge is known to be an essential tool to optimize flow, mixing and other process parameters in wastewater treatment plants. This study deals with the characterization of thickened excess activated sludge in comparison to raw primary sludge and excess activated sludge. The effects of key parameters (total solid concentration, temperature, and pH) on the rheology and flow behavior of thickened excess activated sludge were studied. The rheological investigations were carried out for total solid concentration range of 0.9–3.7 %w/w, temperature range of 23–55 °C, and pH range of 3.6–10.0. Different rheological model equations were fitted to the experimental data. The model equations with better fitting were used to calculate the yield stress, apparent, zero-rate, infinite-rate viscosities, flow consistency index, and flow index. The decrease in concentration from 3.7 to 3.1 %w/w resulted in a drastic reduction of yield stress from 27.6 to 11.0 Pa, while a further reduction of yield stress to 1.3 Pa was observed as solid concentration was reduced to 1.3 %w/w. The viscosity at higher shear rate (>600 s−1) decreased from 0.05 Pa·s down to 0.008 Pa·s when the total solid concentration was reduced from 3.7 to 0.9 %. Yield stress decreased from 20.1 Pa down to 8.3 Pa for the Bingham plastic model when the temperature was raised from 25 to 55 °C. Activation energy and viscosity also showed decreasing trends with increasing temperature. Yield stress of thickened excess activated sludge increased from a value of 6.0 Pa to 8.3 Pa when the pH was increased from 3.6 to 10.0. The effect of polymer dose on the rheological behavior of the thickening of excess activated sludge was also investigated, and the optimum polymer dosage for enhanced thickener performance was determined to be 1.3 kg/ton DS

Impacts Of Phosphoric Acid Hydrogen Peroxide Addition on Metals and Organic Content Of Sludge

In this study, the removal of heavy metals from sludge in a municipal treatment plant was investigated by using different volumes and concentrations of phosphoric acid, both with and without hydrogen peroxide. The level of inorganic and organic matter was firstly measured in the residual sludge cake. The most effective removal of heavy metals was obtained by a 40-ml treatment with H3PO4 in different concentrations for each corresponding metal, generally 35% H3PO4. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the removal of heavy metals and the solution pH. This study's test results show that treatment applications - both with and without H2O2 - did not change the organic matter value of the sludge cake

Determination of Some Vitamins in Different Matrixes in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

This paper presents various vitamin levels determined by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in the influent and effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant and its some sludge fractions. A, E and C vitamin levels in the influent were found to be 0.11, 0.84 and 5.16 mg/l, respectively. The levels of A vitamin of the microorganisms in the aeration tank and the effluent were determined to be 0.39 mg/kg and 0.17 mg/l, respectively. E vitamin levels in the aeration tank and effluent were also determined to be 6.61 mg/kg and 1.32 mg/l, respectively. C vitamin levels in aeration tank and effluent were 15.7 mg/kg and 7.35 mg/l, respectively. A, E and C vitamin levels of the sludge cake in the dried beds were found to be 0.44 mg/kg, 20.95 mg/kg and 11.39 mg/kg, respectively. A, E and C vitamin levels in the sludge cake disposed for a long time were also assigned to be 0.09, 4.76 and 1.93 mg/kg

A DNA Biosensor Based Interface States of a Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Diode for Biotechnology Applications

We studied how a DNA sensor based on the interface states of a conventional metal-insulator-semiconductor diode can be prepared for biotechnology applications. For this purpose, the p-type silicon/metal diodes were prepared using $SiO_2$ and DNA layers. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with interfaces of DNA and $SiO_2$. It is seen that the ideality factor (1.82) of the $Al//p-Si//SiO_2//DNA//Ag$ diode is lower than that (3.31) of the $Al//p-Si//SiO_2//Ag$ diode. This indicates that the electronic performance of DNA/Si junction was better than that of $SiO_2//Si$ junction. The interface states of the $Al//p-Si//SiO_2//DNA//Ag$ and $Al//p-Si//SiO_2//Ag$ junctions were analyzed by conductance technique. The obtained D_{it} values indicate that the DNA layer is an effective parameter to control the interface states of the conventional Si based on metal/semiconductor contacts. Results exhibited that DNA based metal-insulator-semiconductor diode could be used as DNA sensor for biotechnology applications