Convergence Analysis for the Homotopy Perturbation Method for a Linear System of Mixed Volterra-Fredholm Integral Equations

في هذه الورقة ، تم تقديم طريقة اضطراب homotopy لحل نظام خطي من  معادلات فولتيرا - فريدهولم التكاملية المختلطة (المدمجة) من النوع الثاني. تقوم الطريقة ببناء سلسلة يكون مجموعها هو حل المشكلة المدروسة. تمت مناقشة تقارب السلسلة التي تم بناؤها وتقديم برهانها ؛ تم الحصول على تقدير(تخمين) الخطأ أيضًا. للمزيد من التوضيح ، تم تطبيق الطريقة على العديد من الأمثلة وتم كتابة البرامج باستخدام R2015a)) MATLAB لحساب النتائج. و كذلك لبيان دقة النتائج وكفاءة الطريقة، تم حساب الحلول التقريبية لعدة امثلة ومن ثم مقارنتها بالحلول الحقيقية وذلك من خلال حساب الأخطاء المطلقة.           In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is presented for treating a linear system of second-kind mixed Volterra-Fredholm integral equations. The method is based on constructing the series whose summation is the solution of the considered system. Convergence of constructed series is discussed and its proof is given; also, the error estimation is obtained. Algorithm is suggested and applied on several examples and the results are computed by using MATLAB (R2015a). To show the accuracy of the results and the effectiveness of the method, the approximate solutions of some examples are compared with the exact solution by computing the absolute errors

Study of GPCR levels in Iraqi diabetic and diabetic nephropathy

Abstract Aim of the study is to determined  G-protein coupled receptor levels in diabetic and diabetic nephropathy patients and compare the results with control group. Study also, aimed   to find relationship  of GPCR with HbA1c , cholesterol and Triglyceride  in these patients ,in order to  that GPCR could be used as a marker combat diabetes and its complication . One hundred fifty subjects were involved  in this study that divided into three groups as follows:- Control group (G1) consists of 50 healthy individuals. Diabetic group (G2) consists of 50 patients and diabetic Nephropathy group (G3) consists of 50 patients . levels of HbA1c % , urea , createnine , albumin , TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c , VLDL-c and GPCR were determined in all subjects. Conclusion could be drawn from study that the difference between GPCR levels among  groups indicate GPCR may be used as a marker in development of diabetic nephropathy as well as their  are a significant relation for GPCR with TC and TG . Keywords: GPCR , diabetic and diabetic nephropath

Pakaian adat tradisional daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh

Untuk melestarikan nilai-nilai budaya dilakukah penerbitan hasil-hasil penelitian yang kemudian disebarluaskan kepada masyarakat umum. Pencetakan naskah yang berjudul Pakaian Adat Tradisional Daerah Propinsi Daerah lstimewa Aceh, adalah usaha untuk mencapai tujuan yang dimaksud

The use of intra aortic baloon pump in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

Objective: To review the experience in the use of Intra Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) in patietits undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) at a tertiary care hospital with a new Open Heart surgery program. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients: Medical records of all patients undergoing CABG between November 1994 and July 1997 were reviewed and those in whom IABP device was used, were included in this study. Results: A total of 15 patients had IABP suppOrt during the study period. Four surgeries were done urgently while two were emergencies. There were three mortalities. Ejection fractions in all hut one patient were impaired. Among the surviving patients, the average pre-IABP Cardiac Index was 2.6 litres/mm/meter2 which registered an average increase of 21.15% after the initiation of the IABP. The Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure also showed an average reduction of 29.11% from the pre IABP levels reflecting an increase in the cardiac output with the use of the IABP. Conclusion: This series represents the early experience of a new cardiac surgery center in Pakistan in the use of IABP. Although the numbers in this study are too small to derive any conclusions, the overall morbidity and mortality in this short series are within acceptable limits in the high risk patients include

The performance of alternating top-bottom strategy for successive over relaxation scheme on two dimensional boundary value problem

This paper present the implementation of a new ordering strategy on Successive Overrelaxation scheme on two dimensional boundary value problems. The strategy involve two directions alternatingly; from top and bottom of the solution domain. The method shows to significantly reduce the iteration number to converge. Four numerical experiments were carried out to examine the performance of the new strategy

The effect of holmium on microstructure and mechanical properties of light metal alloy

The thesis project investigates the effect of Holmium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy. In the advancement of automotive and aerospace industries, the next generation of light metal alloy is magnesium due to its manufacturing abilities and lightweight material. The main limitation of Mg alloys is the ability to improve its mechanical properties. Rare earth elements were used as alloying elements for improving the mechanical properties and producing a new Mg-RE alloy with modified structure and strength. In this studies, it demonstrates the addition of RE at specific amount, which could be considered as main alloy element that may lead to extend limitation of RE application. The amount of Holmium (Ho) at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 wt. % were added separately to ZRE1 magnesium alloy. The Optical Microsope, FESEM coupled with EDX, and XRD were used to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties, including tensile and hardness tests. The results showed that the Ho content at 0.2wt. % increased the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength compared to others Ho composition. Finally, the hardness value was increased and the additive had a significant improvement of mechanical properties, thus the ZRE1 magnesium alloy has been improved with Holmium addition

Numerical solutions of nonlinear second-order two-point boundary value problems using half-sweep SOR with Newton Method

In this paper, we examine the performance of Half-Sweep Successive Over-Relaxation (HSSOR) iterative method together with Newton scheme namely Newton-HSSOR in solving the nonlinear systems generated from second order finite difference discretization of the nonlinear second-order two-point boundary value problems. As well known that to linearize nonlinear systems, the Newton scheme has been used to transform the nonlinear system into the form of linear system. Then the basic formulation and implementation of Newton-HSSOR iterative method are also presented. Numerical results for three test examples have demonstrated the performance of Newton-HSSOR method compared to other existing SOR methods

Sejarah Daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh

Sejarah daerah-daerah di Indonesia yang direkonstruksikan dengan pandangan "Indonesia sentris", akan menempatkan banpa Indonesia sebagai dramatic personea dengan peranannya dalam kerangka Indonesia. Hal ini dimaksudkan juga sebagai antithese terhadap sejarah Indonesia yang diwariskan oleh penulis-penulis kolonial yang bersifat "Eropa-sentris" -pada umumnya dan "Neerlandosentris" khususnya. Selanjutnya dari pencatatan ini tentu juga diharapkan akan diperoleh tidak hanya fakta-fakta, tetapi juga pengertian-pengertian serta ciri-ciri pokok dari berbagai peristiwa sejarah yang terjadi pada masa lampau di negara kita yang bersifat Bhinneka Tungal Ika

Sejarah daerah propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh

Buku Sejarah Daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh merupakan salah satu hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan penelitian Proyek Penelitian dan Pencatatan Kebudayaan, Daerah Pusat Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan tahun 1977/1978. Proyek tersebut menerbitkannya pada tahun 1979/1980 sebagai cetakan pertama. Buku ini memuat uraian peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi di Propinsi :Daerah Istimewa Aceh. Dimulai dari zaman prasejarah yang meliputi asal-usul penghuni yang pertama, teknologi, organisasi masyarakat, kehidupan sosial ekonomi dan sosial budaya serta kepercayaan mereka. Kemudian dilanjutkan ke periode-periode selanjutnya, yaitu zaman kuno. zaman baru, abad ke-19, zaman Kebangkitan Nasional, zaman Pendudukan Jepang, dan zaman Kemerdekaan. Masing-masing periode diuraikan tentang kehidupan pemerintahan dan kenegaraan, penyelenggaraan hidup dalam masyarakat, kehidupan seni budaya, alam pikiran dan kepercayaan serta hubungan luar negeri