The Use of Some Animal Wastes in the Control of the Pathogenic Fungi Fusarium Solani And Rhizoctonia Solani on Tomato Plants

مقدمة: اجريت هذه الدراسة لتقييم كفاءة المخلفات الحيوانية في مكافحه امراض موت البادرات و تعفن جذور الطماطم المتسبب عن الفطرين الممرضين Fusarium solani  و Rhizoctonia solani  في الزراعة المكشوفه والذي تم عزلهم من ترب مختلفه المواقع. منفردا اومدمجة بفطر المقاومة الاحيائية Trichoderma harzianum. طرق العمل : تم عزل وتشخيص الفطريين الممرضين Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani واختبار القدرة الامراضية للعزلات الفطرية و ادخل مستحضر المقاومة الاحيائية وتم اختبار القدرة التضادية له ايضا وبعدها حضرت المخلفات الحيوانية , اجري اختبار مقاومتها للفطريات الممرضة , وعزل الفطريات المرافقة معها في ظروف المختبر والظلة الخشبية النتائج : بينت نتائج اختبار القدرة الامراضية ان العزلة التي اخذت من الظلة البلاستيكيه \ الحلهR. solani  و F. solani كانت اعلى نسبه موت بادرات بعد البزوغ اذ بلغت 97.500 , 95.00 على التوالي. اظهرالتداخل القدرة التضادية للفطر الاحيائي Trichoderma harzianum  قدرته ضد الفطريين الممرضين R. solani  و F. solani اذ حققت درجة تضاد 2.25 الاستنتاجات : اوضحت نتائج المستخلص المائي للمخلفات الحيوانيه اختزال معنوي للفطريين الممرضين R.solani و F.solani , بلغ اعلى قيمه عند 4.100 عند العزله F.solani لمستخلص الدواجن واصغر قيمة 8.300 عند مستخلص الابقار بينما لم تؤثر جميع المستخلص المائية في نمو الفطر الاحيائي harzianum  T.  اذ بلغت 8.900 , 9.000, 8.925, 8.925 (ابقار,اغنام, خيول, ودواجن )على التوالي. اوضحت نتائج العزل المختبري للمخلفات الحيوانية وجود (6) اجناس من الفطريات Alternaria  sp  , Aspergillus niger , Penicillium sp , Trichoderma harzianum , sp macrohpomina , Cylindrocarpon spBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of animal waste in controlling seedling death and root rot diseases in tomato caused by the pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani In open field conditions, which were isolated from the soil of different locations. singly or in combination with the bio-control fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Materials and Methods: The fungal pathogens and fungi, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani, were tested and diagnosed, and the pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was tested. The resistance preparation was introduced, and the terrain ability was tested for it Results:The results of the pathogenicity test showed that the isolates taken from the greenhouses / Hilla R. solani and F. solani had the highest percentage of seedling mortality after emergence, reaching 97.500 and 95.00, respectively.The interaction showed the antagonistic ability of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungi R. solani and F. solani, achieving an antibody score of 2.25 Conclusion: The results of the aqueous extract of animal waste showed a significant reduction of the two pathogens R.solani and F.solani, where it reached the highest value at 4.100 when isolate F.solani for poultry extract and the smallest value was 8.300 when extracting cows, while all aqueous extracts did not affect the growth of the biofungus T. harzianum .It amounted to 8,900, 9,000, 8,925, and 8,925 (cows, sheep, horses, and poultry), respectively. The results of the laboratory isolation of animal waste showed the presence of (6) species of fungi.. Alternaria sp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Trichoderma harzianum ,  macrohpomina sp , Cylindrocarpon sp &nbsp

Calibrating a J2 plasticity material model using a 2D inverse finite element procedure

AbstractMaterial models are the key ingredients to accurately capture the global mechanical response of structural systems. The use of finite element analysis has proven to be effective in simulating nonlinear engineering applications. However, the choice of the appropriate material model plays a big role in the value of the numerical predictions. Such models are not expected to exactly reproduce global experimental response in all cases. Alternatively, the measured global response at specific domain or surface points can be used to guide the nonlinear analysis to successively extract a representative material model. By selecting an initial set of stress–strain data points, the load–displacement response at the monitoring points is computed in a forward incremental analysis without iterations. This analysis retains the stresses at the integration points. The corresponding strains are not accurate since the computed displacements are not anticipated to match the measured displacements at the monitoring points. Therefore, a corrective incremental displacement analysis is performed at the same load steps to adjust for displacements and strains everywhere by matching the measured displacements at the monitoring points. The stress–strain vectors at the most highly stressed integration point are found to establish an improved material model. This model is used within a multi-pass incremental nonlinear finite element analysis until the discrepancy between the measured and the predicted structural response at the monitoring points vanishes. The J2 flow theory of plasticity is used as a constitutive framework to build the tangent elastic–plastic matrices. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated by solving 2D inverse continuum problems. The comparisons presented support the effectiveness of the proposed approach in accurately calibrating the J2 plasticity material model for such problems

Biological and Ecologiacl Studies of Pradator Stethorus Gilvifrons (Mulsant((Coleopter:Coccinellidae) on Mites Tow Spotes Tetranychus Urticae (Koch) (Acari:Tetranychidae) in Province of Babylon

اجريت دراسة مختبرية لبيان تاثير درجات الحرارة المختلفه والرطوبة على حياتية وبيئية المفترس tethorus gilvifrons  والمتغذي على الحلم ذي البقعتين Tetranychus urticae. بينت الدراسات المختبرية ان للمفترس ثلاث انسلاخات تمثل اربعة اطوار يرقية. وان لدرجات الحرارة تاثيرا كبيرا على حياتية المفترس فقد بلغ معدل دورة الحياة 23.00 و 17.00 و 12.00 و 10.30 يوما ومعدل عدد البيض للانثى 126.6 و 180.0 و 225.0 و 106.6 بيضة عند درجات الحرارة 20 و 25 و 30 و 35 مْ على التوالي.  واوضحت النتائج ان الاناث الموجوده عند درجة حرارة 30مْ قد وضعت اعلى معدل من البيض اذ بلغ 225.0, بينما وضعت اقل معدل من عدد البيض عند درجة حرارة 35مْ بلغ 106.6, وكان اعلى معدل مدة وضع البيض عند درجة حرارة 20مْ بلغ80 يوما بمعدل يومي لوضع البيض بلغ1.5يوم, بينما بلغت 34.3 يوما عند درجة حرارة 35مْ بمعدل يومي لوضع البيض بلغ3.1يوم. وجد ان اعلى معدل مدة ماقبل وضع البيض ومدة مابعد وضع البيض بلغت 8.6 و يوم 25على التوالي عند درجة حرارة 20مْ بينما بلغ اقل معدل 2.3 و 5.6 يوم على التوالي عند درجة حرارة 35مْ.This study was conducted in the lab to find out effect of different temperature degree and humidity on life and environment of predator Stethorus gilvifrons which feeding on mites (tow spotes) Tetranychus urticae.                                                                                       The study showed that the predator has three ecdison which  represent four larva stagest the temperature degree wide effected on the predator life the average life are ( 23.00 , 17.00 , 12.00 and 10.00) day and the average of eggs for female are ( 126.6 , 180.0 , 225.0 and 106.6) egg at 20 , 25 , 30 , 35c° respectively.                                                     The results showed that females at 30c°  lay out high average at eggs (225.0) while lay out less average at 35c° ( 106.6) the high average of period lay out eggs at 20c° represented 80 day at daily average lay out egg (1.5) day while raged (34.3) day at 35c° at average daily lay at egg reached (3.1) day.                                                                   The  results  showed  that high average pre period and  after lay out reached 8.6, 25 day respectively at 20c°  wile  reached lay average  at 2.3, 5.6 day at 35c° respectively.   &nbsp

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF LEAVES AND SEEDS OF CORCHORUS OLITORIUS L. CULTIVATED IN IRAQ

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate chemical constituents of leaves and seeds of Corchorus olitorius since no phytochemical investigation had been done previously in Iraq.Methods: Leaves and seeds of C. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 h. The defatted plant materials were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus, the aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 h, and fractionated by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and n-butanol after hydrolysis fractions for each part (leaves and seeds) were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for its phenolic acid and flavonoid contents. The petroleum ether fraction from the leaves was analyzed using Gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Flavonoids and phenolic acid derivative were isolated from the ethyl acetate of leaf fraction and n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of the seeds and identified by mass spectrometry, infrared, HPLC, and HPTLC.Results: The different chromatographic and spectroscopic results revealed the presence of luteolin, quercetin, astragalin, isoquercetin, catechins, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) in both leaves and seeds of C. olitorius and also 17-octadecynoic acid, 9-octadecanoic acid (oleic acid), hexadecenoic acid (palmitic acid), 9,12-octadecanoic acid (linoleic acid), octadecadien-1-ol (β-sitosterol), and α-tocopherol (Vitamin E) in the petroleum ether fraction of C. olitorius leaves.Conclusion: The results of the current study proved the presence of 3,5-DCQA, astragalin, and isoquercetin in the ethyl acetate fraction of C. olitorius leaves and catechin in the n-butanol after hydrolysis fraction of C. olitorius seeds.Â

The Relation Between Left Thumb Fingerprint Types with Blood Groups and Gender Among Students of Al-kindy College of Medicine, 2019

The skin of the palms and soles is marked by a carved ridge. The pattern of these ridges on the fingers is called dermatoglyphics[1]. In dermatoglyphics, the minute ridge patterns made an impression which has exactly the same arrangement and the pattern of any individual remain unchanged throughout life[2].The friction ridges of all parts of a finger made an impression known as the fingerprint. A friction ridge is a raised section of the epidermis on the digits or on the palmer and plantar skin, composed of one or more connected ridge units of friction ridge skin [3]. Dermatoglyphics is a polygenic trait with Mundelein or single gene inheritance model

Metabolic syndrome and its relationships with adiponectin, vitamin d and physical activity amongadults in an institute of higher learning in the United Arab Emirates

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. It is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction resulting from obesity, an escalating global phenomenon related to lifestyle. Meanwhile,hypovitaminosis D is gaining attention beyond the classical effects on the skeleton. Lifestyle, biochemical and genetic factors are hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of MetS. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of MetS and its components with adiponectin, vitamin D, VDR gene polymorphisms, and physical activity. The study was conducted from year 2012 until year 2015 in 2 phases (P-1 and P-2). P-1 (cross-sectional): A total of 235 adults (64 males and 171 females) from the University of Sharjah community were recruited. Anthropometric measures, biochemical tests (glucose, insulin, lipid profile, vitamin D and HMW adiponectin) and genetic analyses (for VDR gene polymorphisms: TaqI, FokI, and BsmI) were performed. Demographic profile, habitual dietary intake and exercise perception (Exercise benefits/barriers Scale) were used accordingly. P-2 (interventional): A total of 52 female participants wore pedometers for 9 weeks after an educational session and goal setting of 10,000 steps per day. All baseline parameters were reassessed post-intervention.The prevalence of MetS was 17.5%; higher in males (OR=10.97, 95%CI: 5.1-23.61, p<0.001) and adults above 40 years old (OR=9.59, 95%CI: 3.98-23.1, p < 0.001). HMW adiponectin was higher in females and in those without MetS; being directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol and inversely correlated with obesity measures and blood pressure. Vitamin D level was 22.49(19.6) nmol/L and only 9.8% had an optimal level.Vitamin D was significantly lower in females [26.6(13.58) nmol/L vs. 34.03(21.34) nmol/L, p < 0.001] and in those without MetS [29.6(18.75) nmol/L vs. 21.06(19.1)nmol/L, p < 0.001] than their counterparts. MetS occurrence was independent of vitamin D status (OR=1.78, 95%CI: 0.65-4.84, p=0.25). The three vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms did not show any relationship with MetS. However, FokI polymorphisms and F allele in females were associated with higher systolic blood pressure. The participants reported exercise perception benefit/barrier ratio of 1.48. The participants walked 7056±1570 steps per day, recording a marginal increase toward the end of week 9. Small, though, significant reductions were noted in almost all anthropometric parameters and LDL-cholesterol (63.8±18.04 mg/dl vs. 59.17±18.61 mg/dl; p=0.01), while an increase of HMW adiponectin (4.08±0.55 μg/ml vs. 4.15±0.53 μg/ml; p = 0.03) was obtained. An inverse relationship between the number of steps and obesity measures, and positive relation with HMW adiponectin level were evident. While the number of steps in normal body mass index (BMI) participants was marginally higher (7488.49±1098) than those with higher BMI (6739.18±1793), however, significant improvement was recorded in more measures of body composition variables in participants with higher BMI than those with normal BMI. Similarly, significant improvement in biochemical profiles were observed in participants with high BMI on the level of triglycerides (71.62±29.22 to 62.50±29.16 mg/dl, p=0.003) and insulin levels (21.7±8.33 to 18.64±8.25 μU/l, p=0.046) and increase in HMW adiponectin (3.77±0.46 to 3.80±0.44 μg/ml, p=0.034). In conclusion, the prevalence of MetS was 17.5%, being more common in males. HMW adiponectin could play a role in the development of MetS while vitamin D and VDR gene polymorphisms could affect the components of MetS. The participants were “low active”, though perceived more benefits of exercise than barriers. Minimum nominal increase in physical activity can modulate obesity measure, HMW adiponectin and lipid profile with a possible subsequent decrease of cardiovascular risks, particularly in overweight/obese individuals

Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with NiO and pt as Counter Electrodes for DSSC applications

NiO-MWCNT was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and used as a low-cost, platinum-free counter electrode for Dye-sensitized solar cells DSSCs. The DSSC based on NiO-MWCNT as a counter electrode achieves a high-power conversion efficiency of 8.53% under a simulated solar illumination of 100 mW cm-2 (AM 1.5). This efficiency is comparable to 7.9% for a DSSC equipped with a Pt counter electrode. Good charge conduction characteristics of the NiO-MWCNT electrode decreases charge loss and boosts the effectiveness of converting light into electrical current. The NiO-MWCNT electrode also increases light absorption and increases the efficiency of converting light energy into electrical energy by enhancing light dispersion within the solar cell. Other advantages of NiO-MWCNT electrodes are low cost and great sustainability. Comparing it to platinum, rare and expensive material, the use of NiO-MWCNT reduces the cost of the solar cell and contributes to environmental sustainability. In addition, the NiO-MWCNT electrode has a high chemical stability, making it more resistant to corrosion and damage in dye solar cell environments. This enhances the lifespan of the cell and ensures its long-term sustainability

Adverse Effects of Expansive Soils on Road Infrastructure and Evaluation of Chemical Remediation Techniques

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.Using waste materials and creating novel methods to minimise the adverse effects of expansive soils reduces the cost of building foundations and also reduces their impact on the environment and landfill. Continuous swelling and shrinking cause cracks to form in structures built on expansive soils such as road pavements and embankments. This study describes how a combination of lime and sugarcane bagasse ash, a waste product of the sugar industry, is used to stabilise expansive soils. Since the amount of research addressing the effect of bagasse ash on soil stabilisation was limited, a comprehensive attempt has been made on expansive soils using bagasse ash to improve their engineering properties and reduce the need for traditional additives such as lime. There are large gaps with regards to the optimum amount of bagasse ash that can be used for lime treated soil, the most effective ratio between bagasse and the amount of lime, and the properties of soil treated with bagasse ash, and with or without lime. An array of tests to quantify the shear strength of treated soils, the durability of treated soils using different drying and wetting cycles, and the soil water characteristic curves of treated soils were carried out. Two types of expansive soils were used in this experimental program; this first type came from a road construction site in Queensland (Soil Q) and is classified as a high plasticity clay; the second type was created in the laboratory by mixing 80% kaolin and 20% bentonite (Soil C). It was also defined as high plasticity clay. These samples were prepared by integrating soil with a mixture of hydrated lime (L) from 0 to 6.25% and up to 25% of bagasse ash. These combinations of lime to bagasse ash were prepared with different ratios (e.g. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). A combination of lime and bagasse ash was added to the soil samples as a stabiliser at ratios of 6%, 10% 18% and 25%, based on the dry weight of soil. To determine how hydrated lime and bagasse ash affects the engineering properties of treated soils, tests such as particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction, linear shrinkage, the free swell ratio, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), durability, the California bearing ratio (CBR), free swell, swell pressure, consolidation, and direct shear and suction tests were carried out. The results indicate that the dry density of natural and artificial soils decreases as the amount of additives increase, and the linear shrinkage, free swell ratio, free swelling and swell pressure of soils treated with a combination of lime and bagasse ash decreased more than soils treated only with lime or bagasse ash. The UCS and CBR of soil increased as the amount of additives and curing time increased, and when bagasse ash was added to soil treated with lime under various cycles of wetting-drying, it became more durable than soil treated just with lime. Moreover, the addition of bagasse ash to soil treated with lime reduced the gap between soaked and unsoaked CBR. The pre-consolidation pressure (′), the coefficient of consolidation (), the compression index (), the swell index (), and the cohesion and friction angle of soils improved as the amount of additives (bagasse ash and/or lime) increased. The matric suction was determined based on the gravimetric water content and degree of saturation, using the filter paper technique. The air entry value parameter () of soils increased after adding 6.25% lime, but the highest value was for soil samples treated with 6.25% L and 18.75% BA. PLAXIS software was used to calculate the deformation and to evaluate the slope stability of a proposed embankment placed on top of the target expansive soil (Soil Q) under a fill embankment. Five models were developed to estimate the settlement of soil and assess the slope stability of a fill embankment under traffic loads. The Mohr-Coulomb model was used to simulate a fill embankment as well as treated soil and dense sand, while a soft soil model was applied to untreated soil with an over consolidation ratio of 1.2. These numerical models indicated that treating soil reduced its vertical displacement (settlement) due to an increase in its strength parameters, whereas the reduction in time is associated with an increase in its permeability. The slope stability of the fill embankment decreased slightly as the layer of treated soil was made thicker. This study offers a promising way of using bagasse ash as an eco-friendly stabiliser for treating expansive soils, particularly in conjunction with lime for treatment of weak subgrade of roads

Effects of IVF therapies on metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory status in IVF-conceived pregnancy

Rationale In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a common treatment for infertility. In mice, IVF is associated with development of glucose intolerance. However, human data are limited regarding the metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory effects of IVF therapy in IVF‐conceived pregnancies. Objective To explore effects of IVF therapies on metabolic, endocrine and inflammatory parameters in IVF‐conceived pregnancy. Methodology Twelve‐week prospective observational study of adult normoglycaemic women, BMI 18.5‐38 kg/m2 and ≤ 39 years awaiting IVF therapy. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 12 weeks, and serum analysed for reproductive hormones, glucose, lipids, insulin sensitivity, thyroid status, adiponectin inflammatory marker and lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (LBP). Results Two hundred and seventy‐five women were analysed: 158 IVF‐conceived pregnant women and 117 with failed IVF. Compared with baseline, nonpregnant women had significant (P < .001) increases in 12‐week glucose (86.04‐87.62 mg/dL), insulin (8.72‐9.37 µIU/mL), HOMA‐IR (1.9‐2.1), T‐Chol (169.5‐174.9 mg/dL), TG (71.0‐83.7 mg/dL) and HDL‐C (52.0‐54.11 mg/dL) levels. At 12 weeks, pregnant women also had (P < .001) increases in T‐Chol (177.5‐199.5 mg/dL), TG (73.5‐126.78 mg/dL) and HDL‐C (55.3‐65.1 mg/dL), while a significant reduction in glucose (86.15‐82.19 mg/dL), HbA1c (5.3‐5.08%) and TSH (1.71‐1.36 µIU/mL) levels from baseline. Adiponectin and LBP levels remained the same in either group. Conclusion In vitro fertilization hormonal therapy impairs glucose and insulin levels; these effects are masked in early pregnancy. Changes in lipid profile occur following IVF therapies regardless of pregnancy outcome. Neither adiponectin nor LBP is affected by IVF therapies and during early IVF‐conceived pregnancy

Design and implementation of proposed 320 bit RC6-cascaded encryption/decryption cores on altera FPGA

This paper attempts to build up a simple, strong and secure cryptographic algorithm. The result of such an attempt is “RC6-Cascade” which is 320-bits RC6 like block cipher. The key can be any length up to 256 bytes. It is a secret-key block cipher with precise characteristics of RC6 algorithm using another overall structure design. In RC6-Cascade, cascading of F-functions will be used instead of rounds. Moreover, the paper investigates a hardware design to efficiently implement the proposed RC6-Cascade block cipher core on field programmable gate array (FPGA). An efficient compact iterative architecture will be designed for the F-function of the above algorithm. The goal is to design a more secure algorithm and present a very fast encryption core for low cost and small size applications