4,295 research outputs found
Comparing heterogeneous visual gestures for measuring the diversity of visual speech signals
Visual lip gestures observed whilst lipreading have a few working definitions, the most common two are: âthe visual equivalent of a phonemeâ and âphonemes which are indistinguishable on the lipsâ. To date there is no formal definition, in part because to date we have not established a two-way relationship or mapping between visemes and phonemes. Some evidence suggests that visual speech is highly dependent upon the speaker. So here, we use a phoneme-clustering method to form new phoneme-to-viseme maps for both individual and multiple speakers. We test these phoneme to viseme maps to examine how similarly speakers talk visually and we use signed rank tests to measure the distance between individuals. We conclude that broadly speaking, speakers have the same repertoire of mouth gestures, where they differ is in the use of the gestures
Anomaly mediated neutrino-photon interactions at finite baryon density
We propose new physical processes based on the axial vector anomaly and
described by the Wess-Zumino-Witten term that couples the photon, Z-boson, and
the omega-meson. The interaction takes the form of a pseudo-Chern-Simons term,
. This term
induces neutrino-photon interactions at finite baryon density via the coupling
of the Z-boson to neutrinos. These interactions may be detectable in various
laboratory and astrophysical arenas. The new interactions may account for the
MiniBooNE excess. They also produce a competitive contribution to neutron star
cooling at temperatures >10^9 K. These processes and related axion--photon
interactions at finite baryon density appear to be relevant in many
astrophysical regimes.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures; references adde
Precision metering of microliter volumes of biological fluids in micro-gravity
Concepts were demonstrated and investigated for transferring accurately known and reproducible microliter volumes of biological fluids from sample container onto dry chemistry slides in microgravity environment. Specific liquid transfer tip designs were compared. Information was obtained for design of a liquid sample handling system to enable clinical chemical analysis in microgravity. Disposable pipet tips and pipet devices that were designed to transfer microliter volumes of biological fluid from a (test tube) sample container in 1-G environment were used during microgravity periods of parabolic trajectories of the KC-135 aircraft. The transfer process was recorded using charge coupled device camera and video cassette equipment. Metering behavior of water, a synthetic aqueous protein solution, and anticoagulated human blood was compared. Transfer of these liquids to 2 substrate materials representative of rapidly wettable and slowly wettable dry chemistry slide surface was compared
A crossâfaculty simulation model for authentic learning
This paper proposes a crossâfaculty simulation model for authentic learning that bridges the gap between short groupâbased simulations within the classroom and longer individual placements in professional working contexts. Dissemination of the model is expected to widen the use of authentic learning approaches in higher education (HE). The model is based on a crossâfaculty project in which UK HE students acted as professional developers to produce prototype educational games for academic clients from other subject areas. Perceptions about the project were obtained from interviews with project participants. The stakeholders believed the crossâfaculty simulation to be a motivating learning experience, whilst identifying possible improvements. To evaluate whether the authenticity of the studentâclient relationship could be improved, the interview data were compared to four themes for authentic learning described by Rule in 2006. The data supported Ruleâs themes, whilst highlighting the added value gained from metaâawareness of the simulation as a learning opportunity
The relation between Ashworth scores and neuromechanical measurements of spasticity following stroke
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Spasticity is a common impairment that follows stroke, and it results typically in functional loss. For this reason, accurate quantification of spasticity has both diagnostic and therapeutic significance. The most widely used clinical assessment of spasticity is the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), an ordinal scale, but its validity, reliability and sensitivity have often been challenged. The present study addresses this deficit by examining whether quantitative measures of neural and muscular components of spasticity are valid, and whether they are strongly correlated with the MAS.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We applied abrupt small amplitude joint stretches and Pseudorandom Binary Sequence (PRBS) perturbations to both paretic and non-paretic elbow and ankle joints of stroke survivors. Using advanced system identification techniques, we quantified the dynamic stiffness of these joints, and separated its muscular (intrinsic) and reflex components. The correlations between these quantitative measures and the MAS were investigated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We showed that our system identification technique is valid in characterizing the intrinsic and reflex stiffness and predicting the overall net torque. Conversely, our results reveal that there is no significant correlation between muscular and reflex torque/stiffness and the MAS magnitude. We also demonstrate that the slope and intercept of reflex and intrinsic stiffnesses plotted against the joint angle are not correlated with the MAS.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Lack of significant correlation between our quantitative measures of stroke effects on spastic joints and the clinical assessment of muscle tone, as reflected in the MAS suggests that the MAS does not provide reliable information about the origins of the torque change associated with spasticity, or about its contributing components.</p
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