Coffee intake and the effects on intestinal inflammation, metabolic homeostasis and intestinal barrier function in mice

Epidemiological studies have associated coffee consumption with beneficial effects including reduced risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Conclusive results from experimental studies remain yet to be defined, suggesting a need for further effort. The work conducted in this thesis was part of a project which aimed to investigate the effects of coffee on intestinal inflammation, metabolic homeostasis and intestinal barrier function in mice. The project included a dietary intervention in mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with coffee in three different doses equivalent to 1, 5 and 10 cups per day, with non-supplemented high-fat and low-fat diets as controls. We aimed to examine the possible effects of coffee to prevent high-fat-induced weight gain, as increased weight is a well-known risk factor for metabolic diseases. We also wanted to investigate glucose homeostasis in vivo to evaluate whether coffee could have a positive influence on the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, reduced intestinal barrier function is thought to occur in situations of subclinical inflammation, as with type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether coffee could have an impact on intestinal barrier function by conducting an intestinal permeability assay. The intestinal inflammatory tone is regulated by several mechanisms and functions. Thus, we wanted to examine the effects of coffee on intestinal inflammatory regulation by analyzing gene expression of cytokines in the bowel and evaluate regulatory T cell populations in the small intestinal lamina propria. The results showed that coffee in higher doses might have a beneficial effect on weight control, but coffee did not display a significant impact on glucose tolerance. However, the results demonstrated a tendency to poorer glucose tolerance with coffee consumption. Although not statistically significant, findings revealed a tendency for increased permeability in the animals fed coffee. The assessment of intestinal inflammatory regulation showed no significant differences in gene expression, but coffee in the highest dosage had fewer regulatory T cells than the high-fat controls, although not statistically significant. This study provided new insights to the effects of coffee on intestinal inflammatory tone, barrier function and metabolic homeostasis. The findings in this thesis should provide a basis to further explore the mechanisms behind the observed effects.Flere epidemiologiske studier har funnet assosiasjoner mellom kaffe og dens fordelaktige effekter på metabolske sykdommer, deriblant diabetes type 2. Eksperimentelle studier har enda til gode å komme med entydige resultater, noe som tilsier at videre forskning er nødvendig. Arbeidet som ble gjort i denne oppgaven var en del av et større prosjekt som hadde som mål å undersøke effektene av kaffe på faktorer som intestinal inflammasjon, metabolsk regulering og tarmbarrierefunksjon. I prosjektet inngikk det en kostintervensjon på mus hvor de ble fôret en høyfettkost tilsatt kaffe i doser tilsvarende 1, 5 og 10 kopper per dag. En gruppe med kun høyfettkost og en gruppe med lavfettkost ble inkludert som kontrollgrupper. Vi hadde som mål å undersøke om kaffe kunne forhindre vektoppgang fremmet av høyfettkost, siden økt vekt er en velkjent risikofaktor for utvikling av metabolsk sykdom. Vi ønsket også å undersøke regulering av glukose in vivo, for å kunne evaluere om kaffe kan virke positivt på utvikling av insulinresistens. Redusert tarmbarrierefunksjon er ofte funnet å opptre sammen med inflammasjonstilstander av subklinisk karakter, slik som ved diabetes type 2. Vi undersøkte om kaffe kunne påvirke tarmbarrierefunksjonen ved å utføre en intestinal permeabilitets test. Videre, inflammatorisk status i tarm er regulert av flere mekanismer og funksjoner. Derfor ønsket vi å studere effektene av kaffe på inflammatorisk regulering i tarm ved å analysere genekspresjon av utvalgte cytokiner i tarmen, og evaluere andelen T-regulatoriske celler i tynntarmens lamina propria. Resultatene viste at kaffe i høyere doser kan ha en gunstig effekt på vektkontroll, men kaffe viste ingen statistisk signifikant påvirkning på toleranse av glukose. Likevel, resultatene viste en tendens til dårligere glukose toleranse ved inntak av kaffe. Resultatene fra studien viste også at musene som ble gitt kaffe hadde en tendens til høyere permeabilitet i tarmen. Vurderingen av inflammatorisk regulering i tarm viste ingen signifikante resultater fra genekspresjonsanalysen. Likevel viste det seg at kaffe gitt i den høyeste dosen førte til en markant, dog ikke signifikant, reduksjon i andelen T regulatoriske celler sammenliknet med høyfettkontrollene. Denne studien har gitt nye empiri omkring effektene av kaffe på inflammatorisk status i tarm, barrierefunksjon og metabolsk regulering. Funnene fra denne oppgaven bør brukes som et utgangspunkt for videre forskning på mekanismene bak de observerte effektene.M-MA

Penerapan Metode Best First Search Pada Permainan Tic Tac Toe

Search is the process of finding solutions in a problem until a solution or goal is found, or a movement in the state-space to search for trajectories from initial-state to goal-state. In a TIC TAC Toe game the process of finding a space situation is not enough to automate problem-solving behavior, in each of these situations there are only a limited number of choices that a player can make. The problems that will be faced can be solved by searching from the choices available, supported by the usual way of resolving. Best First Search works by searching for a directed graph which each node represents a point in a problem space

Wireless Communication in Process Control Loop: Requirements Analysis, Industry Practices and Experimental Evaluation

Wireless communication is already used in process automation for process monitoring. The next stage of implementation of wireless technology in industrial applications is for process control. The need for wireless networked control systems has evolved because of the necessity for extensibility, mobility, modularity, fast deployment, and reduced installation and maintenance cost. These benefits are only applicable given that the wireless network of choice can meet the strict requirements of process control applications, such as latency. In this regard, this paper is an effort towards identifying current industry practices related to implementing process control over a wireless link and evaluates the suitability of ISA100.11a network for use in process control through experiments

Perancangan Kios Buku Online dengan Menerapkan Algoritma MD5 dalam Pengamanan Record Login

Online book stall is one form of e-commerce in cyberspace, all the time the sale and purchase transactions of books can be done at any time, but along with the development of online transactions, data controls should also be improved. To avoid data from damage caused by irresponsible people, it is necessary to secure data by applying cryptography to the data. In modern times there are many methods or algorithms that can be used to protect and control data from various attacks, but each of these algorithms certainly has its own weaknesses and strengths. The need for long-distance transactions and the importance of data security caused developers to continue to develop cryptography. MD5 algorithm is a one-way hash function that is often used in cryptography, especially in web-based transactions. The MD5 algorithm encodes data in a constant form of 32 bits. All processes from sales and purchase transactions in online bookstores will be safe and durable when the bookstore database is designed in such a way. The book stall database records are encoded with the MD5 algorithm, especially for logging records as a gateway for hackers or hackers to infiltrate. All transactions in the online book kiosk system are detected by the database, the resilience of the database from all attacks is the control of the system from all kinds of damage

Implementasi Algoritma Merkle-Hellman Knapsack dalam Penyandian Record Database

A lot of data is misused without the data owner being aware of it. Software developers must ensure the security user data on their system. Due to the size of the market that houses data, the security of record databases must be of great concern. Cryptographic systems or data encryption can be used for data security. The Merkle-Hellman Knapsack algorithm is included in public-key cryptography because it uses different keys for the encryption and decryption processes. This algorithm belongs to the NP-complete algorithm which cannot be solved in polynomial order time. This algorithm has stages of key generation, encryption, and decryption. The results of this study secure database records from theft by storing records in the form of ciphertext/password. Ciphertext generated by algorithmic encryption has a larger size than plaintext

Penerapan Metode Best First Search Pada Permainan Tic Tac Toe

Search is the process of finding solutions in a problem until a solution or goal is found, or a movement in the state-space to search for trajectories from initial-state to goal-state. In a TIC TAC Toe game the process of finding a space situation is not enough to automate problem-solving behavior, in each of these situations there are only a limited number of choices that a player can make. The problems that will be faced can be solved by searching from the choices available, supported by the usual way of resolving. Best First Search works by searching for a directed graph which each node represents a point in a problem space

Pengukuran Daya Keluaran DSSC Terhadap Ketebalan Titanium Dioksida Berbasis Internet of Things

Topography and geographical conditions in Indonesia are very supportive in the effort to use solar energy as a producer of electrical energy. In this research, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) was fabricated using the doctor blading deposition method for coating TiO2 onto the substrate. The research focused on the effect of varying TiO2 thickness. TiO2 as an electron jumping pathway and binders for dye molecules, dye to absorb photons which will help generate electricity. the iodide / triiodide redox pair as electrolyte, and carbon as the counter electrode on the DSSC. TiO2, organic dyes, electrolytes, and counter electrodes are arranged and combined with a layered structure as a donor-acceptor layer. In testing the output power measurement using the Internet of Things, where testing cells at a thickness of 292 micrometers using a 7 watt LED lamp produces the maximum power reaches 4429.8 x 10-9 W

Aplikasi Pembelajaran Kriptograpi berbasis Mobile menggunakan Computer Assisted Instruction

The source of science is still dominated by books, although with the internet students get information with diverse scientific fields, but actually the information comes from material in the book. To be able to master a material from a book, students must first be able to read and understand well. Nowadays software is growing very rapidly. The world of education has also used software to create interactive learning application methods with multimedia concepts. This can help overcome, the level of difficulty experienced by students, in order to be able to attract student learning interest, so that it can automatically improve the learning process to be more active and effective. Actually this method has been widely used and has good benefits in learning. As for the achievements of this study to assist students in learning and understanding the learning of data security techniques, this is a solution in several learning problems, namely an explanation that is too fast, a conducive atmosphere, time, learning media and student interest

Perancangan Kios Buku Online Dengan Menerapkan Algoritma MD5 Dalam Pengamanan Record Login

Online book stall is one form of e-commerce in cyberspace, all the time the sale and purchase transactions of books can be done at any time, but along with the development of online transactions, data controls should also be improved. To avoid data from damage caused by irresponsible people, it is necessary to secure data by applying cryptography to the data. In modern times there are many methods or algorithms that can be used to protect and control data from various attacks, but each of these algorithms certainly has its own weaknesses and strengths. The need for long-distance transactions and the importance of data security caused developers to continue to develop cryptography. MD5 algorithm is a one-way hash function that is often used in cryptography, especially in web-based transactions. The MD5 algorithm encodes data in a constant form of 32 bits. All processes from sales and purchase transactions in online bookstores will be safe and durable when the bookstore database is designed in such a way. The book stall database records are encoded with the MD5 algorithm, especially for logging records as a gateway for hackers or hackers to infiltrate. All transactions in the online book kiosk system are detected by the database, the resilience of the database from all attacks is the control of the system from all kinds of damage