The levels of nitrite and nitrate, proline and protein profiles in tomato plants infected with Pseudomonas syringae

In this study, the contents of nitrite-nitrate and free L-proline, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in tomato plants following inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain were examined. The results of the nitrite and nitrate indicated that there was a reduction in the levels of nitrate in the infected tomato plants through 1-8 study days, compared with the healthy plants. On the other hands, when the nitrite amounts increased in the first and second days, the nitrite concentrations reduced in infected plants at subsequent time periods, compared with uninfected plants. The accumulation of free proline increased in the infected plants, according to control plants. The whole-cell protein profiles displayed that the levels of the protein bands of molecular masses 204.6 kDa and 69.9 kDa significantly increased in infected and uninfected plants during 2-10 study days. In additionally, in the quantities of the protein bands of molecular weights 90.3 and 79.4 kDa were observed an increase in the infected and healthy plants after the fourth day. However, the protein band of molecular weight 54.3 kDa was visible only in uninfected plants for the fourth and eighth days. Finally, the study suggest that there were the sophisticate relationships among the proline accumulation, the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and the induction of PR protein genes in the regulation of defense mechanisms toward microbial invaders. Our results also indicated that the increases in nitrite and proline contents might be useful indicator for the response toward pathogen attacks

Association between recurrent pregnancy losses and mthfr C677t and A1298 and Pai-1 4g/5g polymorphisms and allele frequencies in Muş

Amaç: Bu çalışmada plazminojen aktivator inhibitör tip- 1 geni 4G/5G ile metilentetrahidrofolat redüktaz geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmlerinin Muş ilinde tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları ile arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi ve alel frekanslarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Genomik DNA tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları olan 34 hasta ve 34 sağlıklı kontrolün kan örneklerinden izole edilmiştir. DNA PAI-1 geni 4G/5G polimorfizmi için 4G ve 5G spesifik primerler ile amplifiye edilerek, MTHFR geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri için PCR-RFLP yöntemi uygulanarak agaroz jel elektroforezinde UV transillüminatör ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri alel frekansları açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Genotip dağılımı açısından bakıldığında ise PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni A1298C polimorfizmleri hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında farklılık göstermemiştir. MTHFR geni 677 homozigot mutantlığı (TT) ise sadece hasta grubunda, heterozigot mutantlık (CT) ise sadece kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiş olmasına ve istatistiksel açıdan da anlamlı bir farklılık göstermesine rağmen tekrarlayan gebelik kayıplarının ortaya çıkmasında bir role sahip olarak gözükmemektedir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak Muş ilinde PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni A1298C polimorfizmlerinin tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları için bir risk olmadığını düşünmekteyizAim: In this study it was aimed to determine the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene (PAI-1) 4G/5G and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy losses and the allele frequencies in Mus city. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 34 patients with recurrent pregnancy losses and 34 healthy controls. DNA was amplified with 4G and 5G specific primers for detection of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and PCR-RFLP technique was used to analyze MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. Products were assessed with UV transilluminator by being exposed to agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The frequencies of the PAI-1 gene 4G/5G and MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C alleles in the patient group were similar to control group. According to the genotype distribution of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G and MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphisms there was no significant difference between patient and control group. MTHFR gene 677 (TT) homozygote mutation has been detected only in patients and (CT) heterozygote mutation only in the control group, despite a statistically significant difference between patient and control groups, this polymorphism does not seem to play a role in the occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss. Conclusion: As a result of the study we may assert that PAI-1 4G/5G and MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms are not risk factors for recurrent pregnancy losses in Mus city

Plazminojen aktivatör inhbitör tip-1 (PAI-1) Geni 4G/5G ve p53 kodon 72 polimorfizmleri ve endometriyozise genetik yatkınlık PAI-1 4G/5G, p53 kodon 72, endometriyozis

Aim: In this study it was aimed to determine whether plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms are genetic markers of endometriosis development in Turkish endometriosis patients. Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from 60 women (30 with endometriosis and 30 controls) in the study. DNA was amplified with 4G and 5G specific primers for detection of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and PCR-RFLP technique was used to analyze p53 codon 72 polymorphism. Products were assessed with ultraviolet transilluminator by being exposed to agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: According to the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism the 4G allele frequency was indicated as 37% and 5G allele was as 63% in patients, whereas this was 53-47% in the control group. According to p53 codon 72 polymorphism the proline allele frequency was indicated as 43.3% and arginine allele was as 56.7% in patients, whereas this was 40-60% in the control group. Conclusion: As a result of our study we may assert that plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G and p53 codon polymorphisms cannot be considered as genetic markers to develop endometriosis in Turkish population. However the significance of our result remains to be further investigated in different and even larger groups being combined with other genetic polymorphisms considered as risk factors for endometriosis.Amaç: Bu çalışmada plazminojen activator inhibitor tip-1 geni 4G/5G ve p53 kodon 72 polimorfizmlerinin endometriyozisli Türk hastalarda endometriyozis gelişiminde genetik belirteçler olup olmadıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Genomik DNA 60 kadından (30 endometriyozisli kadın ve 30 kontrol) izole edilmiştir. DNA, plazminojen activator inhibitor tip-1 geni 4G/5G polimorfizmi 4G ve 5G spesifik primerler ile amplifiye edilerek, p53 kodon 72 polimorfizmi için PCR-RFLP yöntemi uygulanarak analiz edilmiştir. ürünler agaroz jel elektroforezinde ultraviyole transillüminatör ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Plazminojen activator inhibitor tip-1 geni 4G/5G polimorfizmi değerlendirildiğinde hasta grubunda 4G alel frekansı %37, 5G alel frekansı %63 olarak, kontrol grubunda ise sırasıyla %53-47 olarak belirlenmiştir. p53 kodon 72 polimorfizmi açısından ise hasta grubunda prolin alel frekansı %43.3, arginin alel frekansı %56.7 olarak, kontrol grubunda ise sırasıyla %40-60 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: çalışmamızın sonucunda plazminojen activator inhibitor tip-1 geni 4G/5G ve p53 kodon 72 polimorfizmlerinin Türk popülasyonunda endometriyozis gelişiminde birer genetik belirteç olarak düşünülemeyeceğini söyleyebiliriz. Ancak sonuçlarımızın daha anlamlı olabilmesi açısından daha geniş çalışma grubu ile, endometriyozis için risk faktörü olarak düşünülen diğer genetik polimorfizmler ile kombine edilerek çalışılması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz

Association between recurrent pregnancy losses and mthfr C677t and A1298 and Pai-1 4g/5g polymorphisms and allele frequencies in Muş

Amaç: Bu çalışmada plazminojen aktivator inhibitör tip- 1 geni 4G/5G ile metilentetrahidrofolat redüktaz geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmlerinin Muş ilinde tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları ile arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi ve alel frekanslarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Genomik DNA tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları olan 34 hasta ve 34 sağlıklı kontrolün kan örneklerinden izole edilmiştir. DNA PAI-1 geni 4G/5G polimorfizmi için 4G ve 5G spesifik primerler ile amplifiye edilerek, MTHFR geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri için PCR-RFLP yöntemi uygulanarak agaroz jel elektroforezinde UV transillüminatör ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri alel frekansları açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Genotip dağılımı açısından bakıldığında ise PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni A1298C polimorfizmleri hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında farklılık göstermemiştir. MTHFR geni 677 homozigot mutantlığı (TT) ise sadece hasta grubunda, heterozigot mutantlık (CT) ise sadece kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiş olmasına ve istatistiksel açıdan da anlamlı bir farklılık göstermesine rağmen tekrarlayan gebelik kayıplarının ortaya çıkmasında bir role sahip olarak gözükmemektedir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak Muş ilinde PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni A1298C polimorfizmlerinin tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları için bir risk olmadığını düşünmekteyizAim: In this study it was aimed to determine the association between plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 gene (PAI-1) 4G/5G and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy losses and the allele frequencies in Mus city. Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 34 patients with recurrent pregnancy losses and 34 healthy controls. DNA was amplified with 4G and 5G specific primers for detection of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and PCR-RFLP technique was used to analyze MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms. Products were assessed with UV transilluminator by being exposed to agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The frequencies of the PAI-1 gene 4G/5G and MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C alleles in the patient group were similar to control group. According to the genotype distribution of PAI-1 gene 4G/5G and MTHFR gene A1298C polymorphisms there was no significant difference between patient and control group. MTHFR gene 677 (TT) homozygote mutation has been detected only in patients and (CT) heterozygote mutation only in the control group, despite a statistically significant difference between patient and control groups, this polymorphism does not seem to play a role in the occurrence of recurrent pregnancy loss. Conclusion: As a result of the study we may assert that PAI-1 4G/5G and MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms are not risk factors for recurrent pregnancy losses in Mus city