幼児は保育所でどのような「さかなを使った食事」を食べる可能性があるか ―K雑誌に掲載された24か月分の献立分析から―

近年、食物の摂取状況については主要食物の摂取頻度調査法が多く用いられ、日本の幼児が年間を通してどのような魚を使った食事を食べているのか、食事単位で把握できる調査結果が極めて少ない。そこで、雑誌に掲載された3～5歳児向け保育所給食の献立、2年間分144件の分析により、保育所において幼児が「さかなを使った食事」を食べる可能性を明らかにする目的で調査を行った。その結果、魚介類の使用頻度は主食料理で8.2％、主菜料理で35.8％、副菜料理で17.0％となった。主食における魚介類の使用は鮭、しらす干しの頻度が高かった。主菜では鮭、さばの頻度が高く、加工品の使用も1/4強を占めた。主菜では切り身魚の使用が多く、頭と尾が付いた形状での使用は「ししゃもの丸干し」のみであった。副菜料理ではかつお節、しらす干しの頻度が高く、細かくほぐした状態で使用されていた。また、一年を通して、鮭の使用頻度の高い実態が明らかになった

The elicitor-responsive gene for a GRAS family protein, <i>CIGR2</i>, suppresses cell death in rice inoculated with rice blast fungus via activation of a heat shock transcription factor, <i>OsHsf23</i>

<p>We show that a rice GRAS family protein, CIGR2, is a <i>bonafide</i> transcriptional activator, and through this function, targets the B-type heat shock protein-encoding gene <i>OsHsf23</i> (Os09g0456800). <i>CIGR2</i> (Os07g0583600) is an <i>N</i>-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor-responsive gene whose activity, through the direct transcriptional control of <i>OsHsf23</i>, is required for mediating hypersensitive cell death activation during pathogen infection. RNAi lines of <i>CIGR2</i> and <i>OsHsf23</i> similarly exhibited the higher level of granulation in the epidermal cells of leaf sheath inoculated with an avirulent isolate of rice blast fungus. Interestingly, we did not observe altered levels of resistance, suggesting that CIGR2 suppresses excessive cell death in the incompatible interaction with blast fungus via activation of <i>OsHsf23</i>.</p> <p><i>N</i>-Acetylchitooligosaccharides-responsive <i>CIGR2</i> suppresses cell death of rice in cooperation with <i>OsHsf23</i>.</p

Loss of function of the IAA-glucose hydrolase gene TGW6 enhances rice grain weight and increases yield

Increases in the yield of rice, a staple crop for more than half of the global population, are imperative to support rapid population growth. Grain weight is a major determining factor of yield. Here, we report the cloning and functional analysis of THOUSAND-GRAIN WEIGHT 6 (TGW6), a gene from the Indian landrace rice Kasalath. TGW6 encodes a novel protein with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-glucose hydrolase activity. In sink organs, the Nipponbare tgw6 allele affects the timing of the transition from the syncytial to the cellular phase by controlling IAA supply and limiting cell number and grain length. Most notably, loss of function of the Kasalath allele enhances grain weight through pleiotropic effects on source organs and leads to significant yield increases. Our findings suggest that TGW6 may be useful for further improvements in yield characteristics in most cultivars