A relação entre a ajuda pública para o desenvolvimento voltada para o ensino e o índice de educação na Nigéria entre 2003 e 2022

Mestrado Bolonha em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEste trabalho analisa a importância do foco na melhoria da educação na Nigéria, tendo-se focado a análise na relação entre fluxos de APD para educação e o IE na Nigéria, para além dos objetivos específicos de analisar se a APD tem um impacto diferente na Nigéria e na restante região, analisar se a história da Nigéria afeta a relação entre a APD e o IE e analisar a relação dos indicadores sociais do país com a APD e o IE. Para esta análise adotou-se um método de pesquisa mista. O trabalho permitiu concluir que o valor investido na Nigéria tem um impacto maior do que em outros países da região, o IE subiu em média 0,00001254 pontos a cada milhão de dólares investido, 0,00001183 pontos a mais do que no restante da região da África Subsaariana. Também se verificou que com um menor gasto público em educação, a Nigéria obteve resultados melhores de IE, além de que quanto maior a ajuda relativamente ao PIB do país, mais positivo será o impacto. Sobre a história e indicadores, vemos claramente como a história do país afetou a sua organização política, estabilidade e desenvolvimento do sistema educacional, e como isso afeta a qualidade da educação do país. Os indicadores sociais são um exemplo disso, refletindo-se no nível de desenvolvimento do país e nalgumas das dificuldades que enfrenta.This work analyze the importance of focusing on improving education in Nigeria, focusing on the analysis of the relationship between ODA flows for education and EI in Nigeria, in addition to the specific objectives of analyzing whether ODA has a different impact on Nigeria and the rest of the region, analyze whether Nigeria's history affects the relationship between ODA and EI and analyze the relationship between the country's social indicators and ODA and EI. For this analysis, mixed research method was adopted. The work led to the conclusion that the amount invested in Nigeria has a greater impact than in other countries in the region, the EI rose on average 0.00001254 points for every million of dolars invested, 0.00001183 points more than in the rest of the African region Sub-Saharan. It was also found that with lower public spending on education, Nigeria obtained better EI results, in addition to the fact that the greater the aid in relation to the country's GDP, the more positive the impact will be. Regarding history and indicators, we clearly see how the country's history has affected its political organization, stability, and development of the educational system, and how this has affected the quality of education in the country. Social indicators are an example of this, reflecting on the country's level of development and some of the difficulties it faces.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data