Imaging of kidney cysts and cystic kidney diseases in children: an international working group consensus statement

Kidney cysts can manifest as focal disease (simple and complex kidney cysts), affect a whole kidney (eg, multicystic dysplastic kidney or cystic dysplasia), or manifest as bilateral cystic disease (eg, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease [ARPKD] or autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease [ADPKD]). In children, as opposed to adults, a larger proportion of kidney cysts are due to genetic diseases (eg, HNF1B nephropathy, various ciliopathies, and tuberous sclerosis complex), and fewer patients have simple cysts or acquired cystic kidney disease. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide clinical guidance on standardization of imaging tests to evaluate kidney cysts in children. A committee of international experts in pediatric nephrology, pediatric radiology, pediatric US, and adult nephrology prepared systematic literature reviews and formulated recommendations at a consensus meeting. The final statement was endorsed by the European Society of Pediatric Radiology, the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, the European Society of Pediatric Nephrology, and reviewed by the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases. Main recommendations are as follows: US is the method of choice when assessing pediatric kidney cysts, with selected indications for MRI and contrast-enhanced US. CT should be avoided whenever possible because of ionizing radiation. Renal US yields essential diagnostic information in many cases. In patients with ARPKD or other ciliopathies, abdominal US is needed for diagnosis and screening of portal hypertension. US is usually sufficient for follow-up kidney imaging, but MRI can be valuable for clinical trials in patients with ADPKD or in older children with tuberous sclerosis complex to evaluate both kidney cysts and angiomyolipomas

Espécies e flutuação populacional de cigarrinhas em viveiro de citros, no município de Mogi-Guaçu-SP Species and population dynamics of sharpshooters in nursery citrus, located at Mogi-Guaçu, SP

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as espécies e flutuação populacional de cigarrinhas em viveiro cítrico localizado em Mogi-Guaçu - SP. O levantamento foi realizado em mudas cítricas da variedade 'Pêra', enxertada sobre limão-'Cravo', iniciando-se em março de 1997 e finalizando-se em março de 1998. Utilizaram-se armadilhas adesivas amarelas, num total de 48 em todo o viveiro e 5 na periferia da mata. A principal espécie capturada foi Bucephalogonia xanthophis. Observaram-se também as espécies Carneocephala sp., Dilobopterus costalimai, Ferrariana trivittata, Lebaja mediana, Macugonalia leucomelas, Plesiommata corniculata e Sonesimia grossa pertencentes à tribo Cicadellini, e Acrogonia sp., Dechacona missionum, Molomea cincta e Oncometopia facialis pertencentes à tribo Proconiini. Durante todo o período de avaliações, foram capturadas cigarrinhas no viveiro, com exceção da primeira quinzena de setembro. As espécies da tribo Cicadellini predominaram em relação às da tribo Proconiini. A tendência da população no outono foi crescente até meados desta estação e, posteriormente, decrescente. No inverno, foi decrescente, na primavera, crescente e, no verão, a população manteve-se estável.<br>this research was an attempt to identify sharpshooter species and their population dynamic in citrus nursery located at Mogi-Guaçú, SP. The survey was performed in nursery trees of 'Pera' sweet orange budded on 'Rangpur' lime, from March 1997 to March 1998. Yellow stick traps were used to collect insects on nursery (48 units) and on adjacent vegetation (5 units). The most prevalent species was Bucephalogonia xanthophis. It was also observed Carneocephala sp., Dilobopterus costalimai, Ferrariana trivittata, Lebaja mediana, Macugonalia leucomelas, Plesiommata corniculata and Sonesimia grossa, which belong to Cicadellini tribe, and Acrogonia sp., Dechacona missionum, Molomea cincta and Oncometopia facialis, belonging to Proconiini tribe. During the whole period of evaluation, the sharpshooters were collected on nursery, except on the first part of September. The Cicadellini species were prevalent in relation to Proconiini ones. There was a tendency of population increase on autumn. On winter the population decreased, on spring increased and on summer the population was stable