Alcuin et la gestion matérielle de Saint-Martin de Tours

Avec Saint-Martin de Tours, Alcuin reçoit de Charlemagne non seulement une abbaye très riche, mais aussi très importante à cause de saint Martin, un des plus fameux saints du monde carolingien. Mais Alcuin reçoit également au moins cinq autres abbayes comme Ferrières, Flavigny, Saint-Loup de Troyes, Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, ainsi que Berge située près de Liège. Il a visité ces monastères régulièrement et en a probablement contrôlé la gestion. Malheureusement, à ce sujet, nous n’avons pas de sources de l’époque d’Alcuin, mais des sources plus tardives. Nous savons en outre que ses amis à la cour de Charlemagne, comme Angilbert de Saint-Riquier ou Adalhard et Wala de Corbie par exemple, et ses élèves comme Arn de Salzbourg, Leidrade de Lyon ou Raban Maur ont instauré dans leurs diocèses ou monastères une administration qui recourait à l’écrit. On propose ici d’admettre que c’était Alcuin qui leur avait enseigné cela et qui avait eu une certain influence sur Charlemagne en ce sens.With Saint-Martin in Tours Alcuin received form Charlemagne not only a very rich abbey but also a very famous one, because saint Martin had been one of the most popular saints of the Carolingian world since Merovingian times. It is because of this prominent and wealthy monastery that we forget very easily that Alcuin also received from the king not less than five other abbeys, namely Ferrières, Flavigny, Saint-Josse-sur-Mer, Saint-Loup in Troyes and Berge near Liège. Alcuin visited them all from time to time in order to control whether the administration and the religious life were in order. Unfortunately we have very few sources from Alcuins lifetime about his administration of all his monasteries, but we can see from later sources that he did his “home work” in administrating these abbeys. We can also see this by analysing the activities of his scholars in these fields like bishop Arn of Salzburg, bishop Leidrad of Lyon or Hrabanus Maurus for example, or of his friends at the court like Angilbert of Saint-Riquier or Adalhard and Wala of Corbie. Perhaps Alcuin exercised a special influence on Charlemagne in showing him how to establish a well-working administration in every church and every monastery of his regnum in order to support the Carolingian Renaissance, which required material sources

Zur Psychophysiologie des Tinnitus

Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Erfassung von CNV- Parametern (Amplitude des Gesamt-CNV sowie ihrer Komponenten) bei Tinnitus-Pat.(n=20)im Vergleich zu Migränikern (n=15) und Gesunden (n=20) erstmals auch unter dem Aspekt der Habituation, sowie die Erhebung weiterer Aufmerksamkeitsparameter auf subjektiver Ebene (d2-Test, Selbstaufmerksamkeitsfragebogen).Neben dem Gruppenvergleich hinsichtlich dieser Parameter interessierte ebenfalls der Zusammenhang dieser Parameter mit der subjektiven Belastung durch den Tinnitus, der Tinnitusintensität und der Erkrankungsdauer.Die betrachteten Parameter wurden zu einem psychophysiologischen Modell des Tinnitus zusammengeführt.Ergebnis: Tinnitus-Pat. zeigen eine signifikant höhere Amplitude der iCNV und lCNV sowie eine tendenzielle höhere Amplitude der tCNV als Gesunde. Tinnitus-Pat.habituieren mit ihrer kortikalen Antwort (lCNV) auf einen akustischen Reiz langsamer als Gesunde, wobei die Habituation mit dem Ausmaß der emotionalen Belastung durch den Tinnitus negativ korreliert. Die Gesamtleistung der Tinn-Pat. im d2-Test ist tendenziell niedriger als bei Gesunden, hinsicht der Selbstaufmerksamkeit bestehen keine Unterschiede. Keine Unterschiede in den Aufmerksamkeitsparametern im Vergkleich zu Migränikern

Aufbau des Forschungsverbundes Regionale Innovationssysteme (RIS) – Erfahrungsbericht der Forschungsgruppe Regionale Innovationscluster

Seit einigen Jahren werden weltweit die Forschungsaktivitäten zur Gestaltung des Zusammenhangs von Regionalentwicklung und Innovation intensiviert. Im Land Brandenburg arbeiten zwar ebenfalls ausgewählte Experten an Hochschulen und außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtungen zu Fragestellungen, die auf den Zusammenhang von Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und Innovativität von Regionen und Unternehmen gerichtet sind, aber es gibt diesbezüglich kein größeres institutionalisiertes Forschungspotenzial. Dies war vor knapp zwei Jahren Anlass für Prof. Voß, Dekan des Fachbereichs Betriebswirtschaft/ Wirtschaftsinformatik unserer Hochschule, einen Forschungsverbund „Regionale Innovationssysteme (RIS)“ zu initiieren, mit dem interdisziplinäre Verbundprojekte angeregt und die Kooperationen zwischen Hochschulforschung und außeruniversitärer Forschung auf diesem Gebiet vertieft werden sollen

Hauptergebnisse und Erfahrungen durchgeführter Innovations- und Technikanalysen zu Akzeptanz und Nachfrage auf den Gebieten Pflanzengentechnik und seniorengerechte Technik

Innovations- und Technikanalysen haben nicht schlechthin Technologien zum Untersuchungsgegenstand, sondern wissenschaftlich-technische und organisatorische Innovationen. Damit richtet sich der Blick verstärkt auch auf die Wirtschaft als jenen Bereich, in dem Innovationen maßgeblich generiert und entwickelt werden und ihre Anwendung finden. Die Einbeziehung der Wirtschaft und ihrer Instrumente der Produktfolgenabschätzung soll zu Synergien mit einer integrierten, modernen Innovations- und Technikanalyse führen

Knowledge Based Systems in Distributed Desgin Environments

Today’s building industry not only demands more and more reduced construction time on building site, but also an advanced and mostly construction attendant design phase. Even though there is software available to support design processes in distributed environments, most applications only support simple document based exchange of information. In this paper a knowledge based system is presented to support cooperative, comprehensive design processes in distributed environments. The presented research project is financially supported by the German Research Community (DFG – Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)

Metabolomics analysis of antiquitin deficiency in cultured human cells and plasma: Relevance to pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy

Deficiency of antiquitin (α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase), an enzyme involved in lysine degradation and encoded by ALDH7A1, is the major cause of vitamin B6-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1). Despite seizure control with high dose pyridoxine (PN), developmental delay still occurs in approximately 70% of patients. We aimed to investigate metabolic perturbations due to possible previously unidentified roles of antiquitin, which may contribute to developmental delay, as well as metabolic effects of high dose pyridoxine supplementation reflecting the high doses used for seizure control in patients with PDE-ALDH7A1. Untargeted metabolomics by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to analyze plasma of patients with PDE-ALDH7A1 and two independently generated lines of cultured ReNcell CX human neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) with CRISPR/Cas mediated antiquitin deficiency. Accumulation of lysine pathway metabolites in antiquitin-deficient NPCs and western-blot analysis confirmed knockdown of ALDH7A1. Metabolomics analysis of antiquitin-deficient NPCs in conditions of lysine restriction and PN supplementation identified changes in metabolites related to the transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways and osmolytes, indicating a possible unrecognized role of antiquitin outside the lysine degradation pathway. Analysis of plasma samples of PN treated patients with PDE-ALDH7A1 and antiquitin-deficient NPCs cultured in conditions comparable to the patient plasma samples demonstrated perturbation of metabolites of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, suggesting potential oxidative stress-related effects in PN-treated patients with PDE-ALDH7A1. We postulate that a model of human NPCs with CRISPR/Cas mediated antiquitin deficiency is well suited to characterize previously unreported roles of antiquitin, relevant to this most prevalent form of pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy

IL-33 facilitates rapid expulsion of the parasitic nematode <i>Strongyloides ratti</i> from the intestine via ILC2- and IL-9-driven mast cell activation

Parasitic helminths are sensed by the immune system via tissue-derived alarmins that promote the initiation of the appropriate type 2 immune responses. Here we establish the nuclear alarmin cytokine IL-33 as a non-redundant trigger of specifically IL-9-driven and mast cell-mediated immunity to the intestinal parasite Strongyloides ratti. Blockade of endogenous IL-33 using a helminth-derived IL-33 inhibitor elevated intestinal parasite burdens in the context of reduced mast cell activation while stabilization of endogenous IL-33 or application of recombinant IL-33 reciprocally reduced intestinal parasite burdens and increased mast cell activation. Using gene-deficient mice, we show that application of IL-33 triggered rapid mast cell-mediated expulsion of parasites directly in the intestine, independent of the adaptive immune system, basophils, eosinophils or Gr-1+ cells but dependent on functional IL-9 receptor and innate lymphoid cells (ILC). Thereby we connect the described axis of IL-33-mediated ILC2 expansion to the rapid initiation of IL-9-mediated and mast cell-driven intestinal anti-helminth immunity

KRAS Mutation in Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study Evaluating Efficacy of Cetuximab plus Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin (GEMOXCET) in First-Line Therapy

Background: Genetic alterations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including KRAS mutations, have been demonstrated to be associated with response to EGFR inhibitors like cetuximab in colorectal cancers. Mutations in the KRAS gene have been found in 70–90% of pancreatic cancers. Unfortunately, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy did not increase response or survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer in phase II and phase III studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between KRAS mutations and response or survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy. Methods: Within a multicenter phase II trial, 64 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer were treated with cetuximab in combination with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin until disease progression. Analyses of the EGFR pathway, including KRAS mutations, could be performed in 25 patients. Analyses were carried out following microdissection of the tumor. Results: Fourteen (56%) of the 25 patients examined harbored a point mutation in codon 12 of the KRAS gene. No differences between the groups were noted in median progression-free survival (104 days in KRAS wild-type patients vs. 118 days in patients with KRAS mutations). Overall survival was longer in wild-type patients compared to patients with KRAS mutations (263 vs. 162 days), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. A further analysis of our clinical phase II trial showed that the presence of a rash was significantly correlated with overall survival. Conclusions: KRAS mutation in codon 12 may be associated with reduced survival compared to KRAS wild type. The role of KRAS mutations for cetuximab therapy in pancreatic cancer warrants further investigation in larger trials to exclude an epiphenomenon. Furthermore, the development of a rash is indicative of clinical benefit