An exploration of the use of infant observation methods to research the identities of severely learning disabled adolescents and to enhance relationship-based practice for professional social work practice

This paper considers how infant observation methods may be adapted to explore and research the identities of severely learning disabled adolescents, a group of young people whose experiences are poorly represented in the literature. Through focusing on emotion and relationship, this ‘practice-near’ research method also offers a way for social workers to develop their reflective capacity in relation to the often hidden, uncomfortable emotions aroused by experiencing impairment and difference, but without the defences usually involved in assuming the professional role. The importance of taking time to get on a disabled child’s ‘wavelength’ is illustrated through extracts from the research which show how a young person’s agency and identity can be appreciated. The method also has the potential to develop social workers’ awareness of the powerful undercurrent of emotions apparent at times within families of severely disabled young people and tentative suggestions are made about the projective processes and hidden hostilities at work within one of the families observed as part of the research project. Professionals may be able to use this knowledge to become resilient and reflective practitioners and the observation method itself has something to offer by way of a containing experience for families

Suspension and Filter Feeding In Aquatic Insects

Aquatic insect feeding occurs at the nexus of habitat, food source and size, and behavior and relies largely on the complexities of mouthpart morphology. This intersection has important consequences for tropic interactions, nutrient processing, and ecosystem function. In aquatic habitats, immature insects feed in a variety of ways; however, consumption of small suspended particles (seston) in the water column is a common mode for representatives of several insect groups. Ingestion of seston can occur via active or passive removal and broadly encompasses filter and suspension feeding. In this chapter, we explore the ways in which various aquatic insects acquire food particles. We focus on food sources and particle sizes, feeding behavior, morphology of mouthparts, and trophic importance. The major groups explored include Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Diptera (true flies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies), each of which have evolved unique strategies for obtaining particles from the water column. Members of this feeding group are critical as food sources for aquatic and terrestrial organisms, they play large roles in nutrient cycling, and some are vectors of important human and animal diseases