Single-station Tracking for Orbit Determination of Small Satellites

Available methods of orbit determination and satellite observation are briefly reviewed and evaluated for suitability in tracking small satellites from a single ground station. Radio interferometer and Doppler tracking appear useful and are discussed in further detail. Distinctions in accuracy and application between the two methods are made

Dispersal of \u3ci\u3eFenusa Dohrnii\u3c/i\u3e (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) From an \u3ci\u3eAlnus\u3c/i\u3e Short-Rotation Forest Plantation

The European alder leafminer, Fenusa dohrnii, is a defoliating insect pest of Alnus in short-rotation forest plantations. A 2-year study was performed to quantify movement from infested stands to uninfested areas. Sticky traps and potted monitor trees were installed at different locations within and at various distances from (0,5, 10, and 20 m) an infested stand to measure adult flight and oviposition activity, respectively. Trap catch and oviposition activity fell off sharply with distance, few insects being trapped or eggs laid at distances of 5 m or greater from the infestation

Judicious Fertility Treatment to Minimise the Risk of Multiple Pregnancy

Pregnancies resulting from fertility treatment are associated with higher rates of multiple pregnancy and have higher rates of pregnancy complications than spontaneously conceived pregnancies. Methods exist to make fertility treatment safer and less likely to result in multiple pregnancy and practitioners should be practicing fertility treatment with the aim to produce a healthy, term, singleton pregnancy. Approaches to minimising the risk of multiple pregnancy include carefully monitoring ovulation induction (OI) cycles to produce mono-follicular ovulation. Identifying patients at risk of excessive response to ovulation induction and treating them with low dose therapies and close monitoring is a critical step in practicing safe OI treatment. Performing single embryo transfer in all but exceptional cases of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF), and never transferring more than two embryos, is the single, most successful way to reduce the multiple pregnancy rate with IVF. An appreciation of the increased risk of mono-chorionic twinning with IVF is also important. This chapter will explore ways to minimise the risk of multiple pregnancy with a variety of fertility treatments