Burnt-Bricks Production Using Extracted Finer Particles from Soil with Fly Ash Addition

Earthen building materials, including mud, adobe, rammed earth, and bricks, have a long history of use in civil engineering construction all throughout the world. Burnt bricks are one of these materials that is important. However, the availability of raw materials for making bricks is limited. As a result, numerous alternatives have been investigated as raw materials for making bricks. These substitutes include fly ash, rice husk and ash, industrial, and agricultural waste. The current study suggests a novel method for producing burnt bricks using extracted finer and fly ash. Finer particle extraction was done through soil washing. Since the extracted finer is having high plasticity index and high linear shrinkage, extracted finer was mixed with 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% and 50% fly ash. Fly ash is an industrial waste; hence the use of fly ash for this kind of production would give a sustainable solution for waste management. Every finer-fly ash combination underwent an Atterburg test to evaluate its qualities, particularly its plasticity index and linear shrinkage. Standard-type mold (220 x 115 x 75 mm) was used to produce the handmade bricks. Compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, density, and dimension variations of burned bricks were all examined. Results were compared with SLS 39: Specification for burnt clay bricks. Further, these properties were compared with the same properties of bricks made with soil taken from the brick-making industry mixed with fly ash and industrial available burnt-bricks. Additionally, wire-cut bricks were produced using extracted finer and 25% fly ash. The dimensional variation of finer-fly ash mixed burnt bricks is decreasing when the fly ash % is increased relative to the mold size. Compressive strength of the Grade 2 category was demonstrated using bricks manufactured with a 25% fly addition, according to SLS 39. According to the aforementioned findings, burnt bricks composed of extracted finer and fly ash have higher desirable qualities when 25% more fly ash is added. Additionally, it shows that using fly ash results in lightweight bricks. The wire-cut bricks made with this selected mixture give 10.64 N/mm2 of compressive strength and it satisfies the SLS 39 requirements for wire-cut bricks. Also, its water absorption was nearly 16% which is below the SLS required value (18%)

Comprehensive Pan-Genomic Characterization of Adrenocortical Carcinoma

SummaryWe describe a comprehensive genomic characterization of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Using this dataset, we expand the catalogue of known ACC driver genes to include PRKAR1A, RPL22, TERF2, CCNE1, and NF1. Genome wide DNA copy-number analysis revealed frequent occurrence of massive DNA loss followed by whole-genome doubling (WGD), which was associated with aggressive clinical course, suggesting WGD is a hallmark of disease progression. Corroborating this hypothesis were increased TERT expression, decreased telomere length, and activation of cell-cycle programs. Integrated subtype analysis identified three ACC subtypes with distinct clinical outcome and molecular alterations which could be captured by a 68-CpG probe DNA-methylation signature, proposing a strategy for clinical stratification of patients based on molecular markers

The Somatic Genomic Landscape of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

We describe the landscape of somatic genomic alterations of 66 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (ChRCCs) based on multidimensional and comprehensive characterization, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and whole genome sequencing. The result is consistent that ChRCC originates from the distal nephron compared to other kidney cancers with more proximal origins. Combined mtDNA and gene expression analysis implicates changes in mitochondrial function as a component of the disease biology, while suggesting alternative roles for mtDNA mutations in cancers relying on oxidative phosphorylation. Genomic rearrangements lead to recurrent structural breakpoints within TERT promoter region, which correlates with highly elevated TERT expression and manifestation of kataegis, representing a mechanism of TERT up-regulation in cancer distinct from previously-observed amplifications and point mutations

Multiplatform Analysis of 12 Cancer Types Reveals Molecular Classification within and across Tissues of Origin

Recent genomic analyses of pathologically-defined tumor types identify “within-a-tissue” disease subtypes. However, the extent to which genomic signatures are shared across tissues is still unclear. We performed an integrative analysis using five genome-wide platforms and one proteomic platform on 3,527 specimens from 12 cancer types, revealing a unified classification into 11 major subtypes. Five subtypes were nearly identical to their tissue-of-origin counterparts, but several distinct cancer types were found to converge into common subtypes. Lung squamous, head & neck, and a subset of bladder cancers coalesced into one subtype typified by TP53 alterations, TP63 amplifications, and high expression of immune and proliferation pathway genes. Of note, bladder cancers split into three pan-cancer subtypes. The multi-platform classification, while correlated with tissue-of-origin, provides independent information for predicting clinical outcomes. All datasets are available for data-mining from a unified resource to support further biological discoveries and insights into novel therapeutic strategies

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Brésil, Itaú Cultural

The two last decades have seen the strengthening of cultural institutions through support from companies and financial institutions in Brazil. Criticism over the controversial intentions of those centers (particularly regarding the advantage gained from tax incentives) aside, one of the most important is Itaú Cultural. Founded in 1987, it now has a vast range of activities, including in literature and theater. Particularly useful are the “Rumos Program” (created in 1997 to stimulate the produ..

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Not AvailableGillnet fishing is a very popular fishing method owing to its simplicity in design, ease of handling, less fuel consumption and low cost. The Tharuvaikulam fishing village by its switch over of fishing method from trawling to gillnetting is unique from other fishing villages of Tamil Nadu coast. A study was conducted along Tharuvaikulam coast on the catch composition and quantification of bycatch and discards of different types of gillnets operating in this area during June 2015 to July 2016. There were seven types of gillnets based on the targeted fishery and they are categorized according to the depth of operation. They are, large mesh drift gillnet (paru valai), full beak net (mural valai), half beak net (katta mural valai), flyingfish net (parava valai) are drift nets, crab net (nandu valai), ray net (thirukkai valai) and cephalopod net (kanava valai) are bottom set nets, and cephalopod net is a trammel net. The study revealed that 94 to 99% of catch in drift gillnet operated along the coast composed of targeted species while bycatch and discards was very insignificant. Among the different gillnets, flying fish net was the best in catching targeted fishery without any discard. Whereas, catch composition of bottom set gillnet revealed considerable amount of bycatch and discards. Mean quantity of target catch, bycatch and discard in different bottom set gillnets were 44.9, 32.0 and 23.1 per cent in crab net; 67.4, 4.1 and 28.5 per cent in ray net; 13.5, 58.6 and in ray net; 13.5, 58.6 per cent in cephalopod net respectively. Cephalopod nets had the maximum bycatch while ray gillnets had the maximum discards. Among the gillnets operated along Tharuvaikulam coast, drift gillnets were better than bottom set gillnets and trammel nets in harvesting the target catch with less bycatch and discards.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis publication is based on an assessment of fish and fishing gear loss from selected gillnet and trammel net fisheries of India. It presents information on the types, causes and levels of losses, as well as technological, social, environmental and policy options to reduce losses from fishing and post-harvest operations. A secondary data review provided a preliminary understanding of fish and gear losses in India. Data from state governments, fishers cooperative societies, and community centres was used to address some knowledge gaps. Research teams undertook primary data collection in 12 locations, and 583 fishing vessels were surveyed. Respondents in group and key informant interviews included vessel captains, crew, fish vendors and auction agents. Women respondents were interviewed where available. The study found that gillnet fisheries were characterized by sizeable losses of both fish and gear, with a number of causes being highlighted. The combined loss of fish and nets amounted to almost one third of a motorized vessel owner’s income, and was significantly higher than the household’s expenditure on fishing, household maintenance, quality-of-life costs (healthcare, etc.), loan servicing, or leisure activities. Conclusions seek to locate the fish and gear losses in the wider fisheries and macroeconomic context, and emphasize the need to address them as part of broader and holistic development and management agendas. This publication will be of interest to technical specialists and extension agents concerned with loss and waste prevention and reduction, and to those wishing to learn more about the topic and conduct similar research.Not Availabl