Additional file 2: Movie 2. of In vivo imaging of epithelial wound healing in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica demonstrates early evolution of purse string and cell crawling closure mechanisms

Wound healing time lapse of the wound pictured in Fig. 3a–f. The major events during each of the phases, as described in the text, are labeled. Frames were taken every 12–13 s. The duration of the movie is 55 min. Scale bar = 50 μm. (MP4 27,840 kb

Additional file 13: Movie 8. of In vivo imaging of epithelial wound healing in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica demonstrates early evolution of purse string and cell crawling closure mechanisms

Healing of an epithelial wound where there is a visible tear in the basement membrane (arrow heads). Lamellipodia can be seen to migrate over the area of the wound where the basement membrane is intact (right hand side), but only small finger-like projections are seen in the area that is denuded of the basement membrane. Once lamellipodia meet, the remainder of wound healing appears to occur primarily through a purse string closure mechanism. Frames were taken every 12–13 s. The duration of the movie is 32 min. Scale bar = 50 μm. (MP4 18,233 kb

Additional file 5: Movie S1. of In vivo imaging of epithelial wound healing in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica demonstrates early evolution of purse string and cell crawling closure mechanisms

Wound healing time-lapse in the presence of hydroxyurea at concentrations shown to completely inhibit cell division (Additional file 4). Frames were taken every 12–13 s. The duration of the movie is 11 min. Scale bar = 50 μm. (MP4 11,528 kb

Additional file 3: Figure S1. of In vivo imaging of epithelial wound healing in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica demonstrates early evolution of purse string and cell crawling closure mechanisms

Labeling index of cells in the exumbrella. EdU incorporation showed that in the first 3–4 days after release there is very little, if any, division in epithelial cells in the exumbrella. In contrast, at 7 days the percentage of cells dividing within a 24 h period is >40%. By two and three weeks, the number of dividing cells per 24 h is greatly reduced, and declines further as animals age. Therefore, in the 2–3 week old animals used in wounding assays there is little epithelial cell division in the exumbrella. Animals were labelled for 24 h with EdU, and then fixed and stained with Hoescht stain. Values are the percentage of Hoechst stained cells that also showed EdU labeling. 3–5 animals were examined at each time point. Error bars = s.e.m. (PPTX 53 kb

Additional file 12: Movie 7. of In vivo imaging of epithelial wound healing in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica demonstrates early evolution of purse string and cell crawling closure mechanisms

Lamellipodia-mediated closure of a wound of the same approximate size and shape as in Additional File 11, as shown in Fig. 7F–H. Note that after lamellipodia meet to close the gap, there is a contraction around the perimeter. When looking at a healing wound in this contracted state it is impossible to tell whether the wound originally closed through lamellipodia meeting (this movie) or a purse string drawing the cells forward (Additional file 11). Frames were taken every 12–13 s. The duration of the movie is 10 min. Scale bar = 50 μm. (MP4 5766 kb

De l'importance et de la nécessité des semis pour l'amélioration et le renouvellement des variétés cultivées / par M.-A. Puvis,...

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