The Trichoptera of Panama XIV. New species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park

Abstract. In 2017, a new project was begun to assess the biodiversity of national parks and forest reserves in the Republic of Panama. Designated “Proyecto Sistema de Producción Sostenible Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PSPSCB)”, this project is managed by Panama’s Ministerio de Ambiente. The first park sampled in 2017 was Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park (OTHNP). Trichoptera (Insecta) were collected at four locations using both Malaise traps and UV light traps. The rugged terrain and lack of access in this remote park limited the sampled area. Sampling included streams in both the Caribbean and Pacific drainages. Seven new species of microcaddis­flies (Hydroptilidae: Alistotrichia coclensis Armitage and Harris, Cerasmatrichia akanthos Armitage and Harris, Metrichia corazones Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia espinosa Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia michaeli Armit­age and Harris, Neotrichia pierpointorum Armitage and Harris, and Neotrichia yayas Armitage and Harris) and one new country record, Metrichia macrophallata Flint, were identified from this preliminary survey and are re­ported herein. Other recently described species are reported here for the first time outside of their type localities. Based on other areas more extensively sampled compared to this modest survey, many more new species and new country records await discovery in OTHNP as are reported herein. There are now 439 species distributed among 15 families and 55 genera known from Panama. Resumen. En 2017, se inició un nuevo proyecto para evaluar la biodiversidad de parques nacionales y reservas forestales en la República de Panamá. Designado “Proyecto Sistema de Producción Sostenible Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PSPSCB)”, este proyecto es administrado por el Ministerio de Ambiente de Panamá. El primer parque muestreado en 2017 fue el Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos Herrera (OTHNP). Se recogieron Trichoptera en cuatro ubicaciones utilizando trampas Malaise y trampas de luz UV. El terreno accidentado y la falta de acceso en este parque remoto limitaron el área muestreada. El muestreo incluyó corrientes en los drenajes del Caribe y del Pacífico. Siete nuevas especies de micro-Trichoptera (Hydroptilidae: Alistotrichia coclensis Armitage and Harris, Cerasmatrichia akanthos Armitage and Harris, Metrichia corazones Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia es­pinosa Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia michaeli Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia pierpointorum Armitage and Harris, and Neotrichia yayas Armitage and Harris) y un nuevo registro de país, Metrichia macrophallata Flint, se identificaron a partir de esta encuesta preliminar y se informan aquí. Otras especies recientemente descritas se registran aquí por primera vez fuera de sus localidades tipo. Con base en otras áreas más extensamente mues­treadas, en comparación con esta modesta investigación, muchas más especies nuevas y nuevos registros para el país esperan ser descubiertos en el OTHNP como se informa aquí. Ahora en Panamá, hay 439 especies conocidas de Trichoptera distribuidas entre 15 familias y 55 géneros

Nomenclatural and systematic changes in the Neotropical caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera)

Recent work on a catalog of the Neotropical caddisflies has resulted in the recognition of the need to make numerous lectotype designations, new names for homonyms, specific and generic synonymies, transfers of species between genera and genera between families, and placement of many long ignored names of Muller and others

The Trichoptera of Panama XIV. New species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park

Abstract. In 2017, a new project was begun to assess the biodiversity of national parks and forest reserves in the Republic of Panama. Designated “Proyecto Sistema de Producción Sostenible Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PSPSCB)”, this project is managed by Panama’s Ministerio de Ambiente. The first park sampled in 2017 was Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park (OTHNP). Trichoptera (Insecta) were collected at four locations using both Malaise traps and UV light traps. The rugged terrain and lack of access in this remote park limited the sampled area. Sampling included streams in both the Caribbean and Pacific drainages. Seven new species of microcaddis­flies (Hydroptilidae: Alistotrichia coclensis Armitage and Harris, Cerasmatrichia akanthos Armitage and Harris, Metrichia corazones Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia espinosa Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia michaeli Armit­age and Harris, Neotrichia pierpointorum Armitage and Harris, and Neotrichia yayas Armitage and Harris) and one new country record, Metrichia macrophallata Flint, were identified from this preliminary survey and are re­ported herein. Other recently described species are reported here for the first time outside of their type localities. Based on other areas more extensively sampled compared to this modest survey, many more new species and new country records await discovery in OTHNP as are reported herein. There are now 439 species distributed among 15 families and 55 genera known from Panama. Resumen. En 2017, se inició un nuevo proyecto para evaluar la biodiversidad de parques nacionales y reservas forestales en la República de Panamá. Designado “Proyecto Sistema de Producción Sostenible Conservación de la Biodiversidad (PSPSCB)”, este proyecto es administrado por el Ministerio de Ambiente de Panamá. El primer parque muestreado en 2017 fue el Parque Nacional Omar Torrijos Herrera (OTHNP). Se recogieron Trichoptera en cuatro ubicaciones utilizando trampas Malaise y trampas de luz UV. El terreno accidentado y la falta de acceso en este parque remoto limitaron el área muestreada. El muestreo incluyó corrientes en los drenajes del Caribe y del Pacífico. Siete nuevas especies de micro-Trichoptera (Hydroptilidae: Alistotrichia coclensis Armitage and Harris, Cerasmatrichia akanthos Armitage and Harris, Metrichia corazones Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia es­pinosa Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia michaeli Armitage and Harris, Neotrichia pierpointorum Armitage and Harris, and Neotrichia yayas Armitage and Harris) y un nuevo registro de país, Metrichia macrophallata Flint, se identificaron a partir de esta encuesta preliminar y se informan aquí. Otras especies recientemente descritas se registran aquí por primera vez fuera de sus localidades tipo. Con base en otras áreas más extensamente mues­treadas, en comparación con esta modesta investigación, muchas más especies nuevas y nuevos registros para el país esperan ser descubiertos en el OTHNP como se informa aquí. Ahora en Panamá, hay 439 especies conocidas de Trichoptera distribuidas entre 15 familias y 55 géneros

Erratum to Armitage and Harris (2020): The Trichoptera of Panama XIV. New species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from Omar Torrijos Herrera National Park

After publication of Armitage and Harris (2020), it was noticed that the wrong illustrations were used for the species Neotrichia espinosa Armitage and Harris (Fig. 9) and Neotrichia michaeli Armitage and Harris (Fig. 10), resulting in images that did not correspond to the captions. The authors and the Insecta Mundi editorial staff apologize for this error. The intended versions of Figures 9 and 10 are reproduced here. Insecta Mundi has also released a revised version of the Armitage and Harris (2020) manuscript, with this error corrected. However, the revised version is not an official peer-reviewed article, and anyone wishing to reference the findings of Armitage and Harris (2020) should cite the original manuscript or this erratum

The Trichoptera of Panama X. The Quebrada Rambala drainage, with description of 19 new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)

The Quebrada Rambala drainage is found immediately south and south-southeast of the town of Chiriqui Grande and east of Rambala on the Caribbean coast. It is one of two tributaries of the Rio Margarita watershed, a small, lowland drainage with elevations up to 180 m. During the 2014-2017 period, collections of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera), employing both UV-light and Malaise traps, were made at two locations on Quebrada Rambala proper, and four locations on its unnamed tributary, all on a land area of approximately 1 ha. As a result, 127 species of caddisflies were identified, including 59 species of microcaddisflies. A non-parametric estimator of true, or potential, species richness based on rare species present for this watershed is 211 species. Previously, 19 new country records were published from this location. In this paper, we record three additional country records (Hydrobiosidae: Atopsyche minimajada Blahnik and Gottschalk; Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichia rhomba Thomson and Holzenthal and Oxyethira (Oxytrichia) apinolada Holzenthal and Harris) and describe and illustrate 19 new species of microcaddisflies (Alistotrichia bernali, Cerasmatrichia blahniki, Costatrichia santosi, Metrichia macdonaldi, M. thomsonae, M. thurmani, M. trebeki, Neotrichia carlsoni, N. rambala, N. serrata, N. starki, Ochrotrichia birdae, O. dewalti, O. kondratieffi, Oxyethira buenoi, Rhyacopsyche holzenthali, Tizatetrichia panamensis, Zumatrichia flinti, and Z. hazelae). Combined, this one small portion of the Quebrada Rambala has increased Panama’s caddisfly fauna by 41 species of microcaddisflies. Additionally, several new species of macrocaddisflies await description. Finally, we add one new genus to Panama’s fauna (Hydroptilidae: Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal). With the publication of these new taxa, Panama’s caddisfly fauna now includes 403 species in 15 families and 53 genera. We also suggest that multiple collections over time for all stream orders, employing several collection methods, are required in order to better estimate species richness within a drainage

The Trichoptera of Panama X. The Quebrada Rambala drainage, with description of 19 new species of microcaddisflies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae)

The Quebrada Rambala drainage is found immediately south and south-southeast of the town of Chiriqui Grande and east of Rambala on the Caribbean coast. It is one of two tributaries of the Rio Margarita watershed, a small, lowland drainage with elevations up to 180 m. During the 2014-2017 period, collections of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera), employing both UV-light and Malaise traps, were made at two locations on Quebrada Rambala proper, and four locations on its unnamed tributary, all on a land area of approximately 1 ha. As a result, 127 species of caddisflies were identified, including 59 species of microcaddisflies. A non-parametric estimator of true, or potential, species richness based on rare species present for this watershed is 211 species. Previously, 19 new country records were published from this location. In this paper, we record three additional country records (Hydrobiosidae: Atopsyche minimajada Blahnik and Gottschalk; Hydroptilidae: Leucotrichia rhomba Thomson and Holzenthal and Oxyethira (Oxytrichia) apinolada Holzenthal and Harris) and describe and illustrate 19 new species of microcaddisflies (Alistotrichia bernali, Cerasmatrichia blahniki, Costatrichia santosi, Metrichia macdonaldi, M. thomsonae, M. thurmani, M. trebeki, Neotrichia carlsoni, N. rambala, N. serrata, N. starki, Ochrotrichia birdae, O. dewalti, O. kondratieffi, Oxyethira buenoi, Rhyacopsyche holzenthali, Tizatetrichia panamensis, Zumatrichia flinti, and Z. hazelae). Combined, this one small portion of the Quebrada Rambala has increased Panama’s caddisfly fauna by 41 species of microcaddisflies. Additionally, several new species of macrocaddisflies await description. Finally, we add one new genus to Panama’s fauna (Hydroptilidae: Tizatetrichia Harris, Flint, and Holzenthal). With the publication of these new taxa, Panama’s caddisfly fauna now includes 403 species in 15 families and 53 genera. We also suggest that multiple collections over time for all stream orders, employing several collection methods, are required in order to better estimate species richness within a drainage

The Trichoptera of Panama V. Descriptions of new species, new country records, and a synonymy

The Río Chiriqui basin is one of 52 major watershed areas, or cuencas, in the Republic of Panama. It occurs in western Panama, discharges into the Pacific Ocean, and includes portions of Volcán Barú on its northern extent. The Río Caldera occupies the northernmost subbasin of this basin. Two of its tributaries, Que­brada Grande and Quebrada Jaramillo, occur in close proximity and on opposite sides, and have different recent geologic histories and current land use patterns. During the course of investigating the caddisfly fauna of these two drainages, three new species of the microcaddisfly genus Neotrichia Morton (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) were identified: N. collierorum and N. anzuelo from Quebrada Jaramillo and N. tatianae from Quebrada Grande. These are described and figured herein. We also add one new genus (Rhyacopsyche Mueller) and five new country records (Hydroptila paschia Mosely, Metrichia ancora Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, Ochrotrichia jolandae Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, Rhyacopsyche obliqua Flint, and Chimarra (Curgia) maritza Flint) for Panama. Finally, we designate Ochrotrichia abrelata Harris and Armitage, 2015 as a junior synonym of Ochrotrichia jolandae Bueno-Soria and Holzenthal, 2008. This synonymy and the newly recorded species and country records increase Panama’s known trichopteran fauna to 350 species, distributed among 15 families and 52 genera

Off-farm Income and Investments in Farm Assets: A Double Hurdle Approach

The farm household structure is a complex set of inter-relationships between and among a variety of internal and external factors involving consumption, investment, and income-earning activities. In this paper we use ARMS data to explore the contribution of off-farm income to the viability of the farm business. We focus on the link between off-farm income and farm investment and whether off-farm income drives on-farm investment. The results indicate the importance of farm characteristics such as type, size, and location on the probability of investment but lead us to reject the hypothesis that off farm income is driving farm investment. Further research will be needed to further unweave some of the complex relationships involved in the farm household structure. Keywords: Farm investments, off-farm income, double hurdleOff-farm income, farm investment, double hurdle, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics, D1, J2, Q12,

New species of microcaddisfl ies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from the western United States, Canada, Mexico and Belize

Nine new species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) are described and illustrated from the western United States, Canada, Mexico, and Belize: Seven new species in the genus Neotrichia Morton, N. buenoi, N. chihuaha, N. contrerasi, N. maya, N. palitla, N. pinnacles, and N. sandersoni, one new species in the genus Oxyethira Eaton, O. pembertonensis, and one new species in the genus Metrichia Ross, M. mastelleri. As well, new records for N. mobilensis and Mayatrichia tuscaloosa and new illustrations of the male genitalia of Neotrichia jarochita Bueno- Soria and Mayatrichia tuscaloosa Harris and Sykora are provided

New species of microcaddisfl ies (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from the western United States, Canada, Mexico and Belize

Nine new species of Hydroptilidae (Trichoptera) are described and illustrated from the western United States, Canada, Mexico, and Belize: Seven new species in the genus Neotrichia Morton, N. buenoi, N. chihuaha, N. contrerasi, N. maya, N. palitla, N. pinnacles, and N. sandersoni, one new species in the genus Oxyethira Eaton, O. pembertonensis, and one new species in the genus Metrichia Ross, M. mastelleri. As well, new records for N. mobilensis and Mayatrichia tuscaloosa and new illustrations of the male genitalia of Neotrichia jarochita Bueno- Soria and Mayatrichia tuscaloosa Harris and Sykora are provided