Polysaccharide utilization loci and nutritional specialization in a dominant group of butyrate-producing human colonic Firmicutes

Acknowledgements The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health (University of Aberdeen) receives financial support from the Scottish Government Rural and Environmental Sciences and Analytical Services (RESAS). POS is a PhD student supported by the Scottish Government (RESAS) and the Science Foundation Ireland, through a centre award to the APC Microbiome Institute, Cork, Ireland. Data Summary The high-quality draft genomes generated in this work were deposited at the European Nucleotide Archive under the following accession numbers: 1. Eubacterium rectale T1-815; CVRQ01000001–CVRQ0100 0090: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9320 2. Roseburia faecis M72/1; CVRR01000001–CVRR010001 01: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9321 3. Roseburia inulinivorans L1-83; CVRS01000001–CVRS0 100 0151: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/PRJEB9322Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Solar Neighborhood. XXXIX. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI and NOFS Programs: 50 New Members of the 25 Parsec White Dwarf Sample

We present 114 trigonometric parallaxes for 107 nearby white dwarf (WD) systems from both the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation (CTIOPI) and the U. S. Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station (NOFS) parallax programs. Of these, 76 parallaxes for 69 systems were measured by the CTIOPI program and 38 parallaxes for as many systems were measured by the NOFS program. A total of 50 systems are confirmed to be within the 25 pc horizon of interest. Coupled with a spectroscopic confirmation of a common proper motion companion to a Hipparcos star within 25 pc as well as confirmation parallax determinations for two WD systems included in the recently released Tycho Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) catalog, we add 53 new systems to the 25 pc WD sample $-$ a 42% increase. Our sample presented here includes four strong candidate halo systems, a new metal-rich DAZ WD, a confirmation of a recently discovered nearby short-period (P = 2.85 hr) double degenerate, a WD with a new astrometric pertubation (long period, unconstrained with our data), and a new triple system where the WD companion main-sequence star has an astrometric perturbation (P $\sim$ 1.6 yr).Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures. Figure 4 in the manuscript is a representative set of plots - plots for all WDs presented here are available (allfits_photo.pdf, allfits_photo_DQ.pdf, and allfits_photo_DZ.pdf). Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journa

Pro-inflammatory flagellin proteins of prevalent motile commensal bacteria are variably abundant in the intestinal microbiome of elderly humans

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Enhancing access to alcohol use disorder pharmacotherapy and treatment in primary care settings: ADaPT-PC.

BACKGROUND: Only 7.8 % of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive treatment in a given year. Most individuals with AUDs are identified in primary care (PC) settings and referred to substance use disorders (SUD) clinics; however, only a minority of those referred attend treatment services. Safe and effective pharmacological treatments for AUD exist, but they are rarely prescribed by PC providers. The objective of this study is to refine, implement, and evaluate an intervention to integrate pharmacological AUD treatment options into PC settings. This paper provides a detailed description of the intervention design and the evaluation components. METHODS/DESIGN: Three large Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities are participating in the intervention. The intervention targets stakeholder groups with tailored strategies based on implementation theory and prior research identifying barriers to implementation of AUD pharmacotherapy. Local SUD providers and primary care mental health integration (PCMHI) providers are trained to serve as local implementation/clinical champions and receive external facilitation. PC providers receive access to consultation from local and national clinical champions, educational materials, and a dashboard of patients with AUD on their caseloads for case identification. Veterans with AUD diagnoses receive educational information in the mail just prior to a scheduled PC visit. Effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated through an interrupted time series with matched controls to monitor change in facility level AUD pharmacotherapy prescribing rates. Following Stetler\u27s four-phase formative evaluation (FE) strategy, FE methods include (1) developmental FE (pre-implementation interviews with champions, PC providers, and Veterans), (2) implementation-focused FE (tracking attendance at facilitation meetings, academic detailing efforts by local champions, and patient dashboard utilization), (3) progress-focused FE (tracking rates of AUD pharmacotherapy prescribing and rates of referral to PCMHI and SUD specialty care), and (4) interpretive FE (post-implementation interviews with champions and PC providers). Analysis of FE data will be guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). DISCUSSION: If demonstrated to be successful, this implementation strategy will provide a replicable, feasible, and relative low-cost method for integrating AUD treatment services into PC settings, thereby increasing access to AUD treatment

A Survey for Faint Stars of Large Proper Motion Using Extra Poss II Plates

We have conducted a search for new stars of high proper motion ($\geq$0.4 arcsec yr$^{-1}$) using POSS II fields for which an extra IIIaF (red) plate of good quality exists, along with useable IIIaJ (blue) and IV-N (infrared) plates taken at epochs differing by a minimum of 1.5 years. Thirty-five fields at Galactic latitudes $|b| \geq$ 20$^o$ were measured, covering some 1378 deg$^2$, or 3.3% of the sky. Searches with three plate combinations as well as all four plates were also made. Seven new stars were found with $\mu \geq$0.5 arcsec yr$^{-1}$, which were therefore missed in the Luyten Half Second (LHS) Catalog. One of these is a common proper motion binary consisting of two subdwarf M stars; another is a cool white dwarf with probable halo kinematics. As a test of our completeness -- and of our ability to test that of Luyten -- 216 of 230 catalogued high proper motion stars were recovered by the software, or 94%. Reasons for incompleteness of the LHS are discussed, such as the simple fact that POSS II plates have deeper limiting magnitudes and greater overlap than did POSS I. Nonetheless, our results suggest that the LHS is closer to 90% complete than recent estimates in the literature (e.g 60%), and we propose a reason to account for one such lower estimate. The conclusion that the LHS Catalog is more complete has implications for the nature of the halo dark matter. In particular it strengthens the constraint on the local density of halo stars, especially white dwarfs at M$_V\sim$17-18.Comment: Astronomical Journal, in press, 16 pages, 3 figure

Discovery of New Ultracool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We report the discovery of five very cool white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Four are ultracool, exhibiting strong collision induced absorption (CIA) from molecular hydrogen and are similar in color to the three previously known coolest white dwarfs, SDSS J1337+00, LHS 3250 and LHS 1402. The fifth, an ultracool white dwarf candidate, shows milder CIA flux suppression and has a color and spectral shape similar to WD 0346+246. All five new white dwarfs are faint (g > 18.9) and have significant proper motions. One of the new ultracool white dwarfs, SDSS J0947, appears to be in a binary system with a slightly warmer (T_{eff} ~ 5000K) white dwarf companion.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, submitted to ApJL. Higher resolution versions of finding charts are available at http://astro.uchicago.edu/~gates/findingchart

Simultaneous hyperaccumulation of nickel and cobalt in the tree Glochidion cf. sericeum (Phyllanthaceae): elemental distribution and chemical speciation

Hyperaccumulation is generally highly specific for a single element, for example nickel (Ni). The recently-discovered hyperaccumulator Glochidion cf. sericeum (Phyllanthaceae) from Malaysia is unusual in that it simultaneously accumulates nickel and cobalt (Co) with up to 1500 μg g foliar of both elements. We set out to determine whether distribution and associated ligands for Ni and Co complexation differ in this species. We postulated that Co hyperaccumulation coincides with Ni hyperaccumulation operating on similar physiological pathways. However, the ostensibly lower tolerance for Co at the cellular level results in the exudation of Co on the leaf surface in the form of lesions. The formation of such lesions is akin to phytotoxicity responses described for manganese (Mn). Hence, in contrast to Ni, which is stored principally inside the foliar epidermal cells, the accumulation response to Co consists of an extracellular mechanism. The chemical speciation of Ni and Co, in terms of the coordinating ligands involved and principal oxidation state, is similar and associated with carboxylic acids (citrate for Ni and tartrate or malate for Co) and the hydrated metal ion. Some oxidation to Co, presumably on the surface of leaves after exudation, was observed

A Catalog of Spectroscopically Confirmed White Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4

We present a catalog of 9316 spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4. We have selected the stars through photometric cuts and spectroscopic modeling, backed up by a set of visual inspections. Roughly 6000 of the stars are new discoveries, roughly doubling the number of spectroscopically confirmed white dwarfs. We analyze the stars by performing temperature and surface gravity fits to grids of pure hydrogen and helium atmospheres. Among the rare outliers are a set of presumed helium-core DA white dwarfs with estimated masses below 0.3 Msun, including two candidates that may be the lowest masses yet found. We also present a list of 928 hot subdwarfs.Comment: Accepted by the Astrophysical Journal Supplements, 25 pages, 24 figures, LaTeX. The electronic catalog, as well as diagnostic figures and links to the spectra, is available at http://das.sdss.org/wdcat/dr4