Rehabilitation of deteriorated timber piles with fiber reinforced composite wrap systems

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite wraps have been used for timber pile repair, but there is a lack of empirical data for the development of design guidelines and strengthening equations. To address this need, this study evaluated both the bond and compressive strength of four FRP wrap systems on whole timber piles. Wrap systems evaluated used glass fabric with epoxy, polyurethane, and phenol formaldehyde resins. Bond strengths were evaluated through push-out and pull-off bond testing data on new (unused) treated timber. The push-out test evaluated the bond strength of the wraps on timber by applying axial loads on wrapped (6 and 12 bond lengths) timber samples until bond slippage occurred. Modified pull-off tests ASTM D7522, (FRP wraps on concrete substrates), were conducted to establish pull-off bond strengths. Axial compression tests were performed on hand layup shells with varying numbers of wrap until failure. To evaluate bond strength and compressive capacity simultaneously, simulations of timber pile rehabilitation were performed also. For the simulations, two portions of timber separated by a gap (to simulate decayed timber with near zero strength) were wrapped and tested in axial compression until failure. Results revealed that while 12 bond lengths provided a higher capacity than 6 bond lengths, their bond strengths (P/A) were reduced suggesting a non-linear relationship between bond strength and bond length. Epoxy and phenol formaldehyde resin systems predominately displayed timber failure whereas the polyurethane system failed in bond. Systems that utilized slow cure, low-viscosity resins developed high bond strengths, suggesting good timber penetration. Compression evaluations showed additional wrap layers increased the compression capacity of the shells. Some shells developed bending moments from unintended eccentric loading which reduced compressive capacity. Epoxy and phenol formaldehyde systems failed in the fibers while the polyurethane system failed due to delamination. Systems with high fiber volume fractions in the axial direction displayed the highest axial capacity. Compressive strength results corresponded well with values predicted by mechanics based FRP design equations. Since no current models for FRP bond strengths on timber are available, these results will greatly aid in their development

ML-Based Feature Importance Estimation for Predicting Unethical Behaviour under Pressure

International audienceWe studied the utility of using machine learning algorithms in the estimation of feature importance and to visualize their dependence on Ethicality. Through our analysis and partial dependence plot we found linear relationships among variables and gained insight into features that might cause certain types of ethical behaviour

ML-Based Feature Importance Estimation for Predicting Unethical Behaviour under Pressure

International audienc

The Impact of Stress Levels on Ethicality for Employees

This research seeks to fill a gap in the occupational stress literature by making a tentative step toward examining the extent to which stress is related to ethicality. A sample of 370 business employees at companies of various sizes were surveyed. The survey included twenty-two questions, was both age and gender-balanced, and well represented the U.S. We have examined the role of perceived stress on employees in organizations to understand the extent to which they may be conducive or debilitating to ethical conduct. As hypothesized, we find that stress is negatively related to ethics. In addition, we find a non-linear relationship such that high levels of stress result in negative ethicality while lower levels result in comparatively less negative ethicality

Ethics and the Dampening Effects of Pressure: The Moderating Role of Employment Level, Tenure, and Company Size

This study examines the relationship between a spectrum of employment-related variables (i.e., employment level, tenure, and company size) and Ethicality. A sample of 370 business employees of varying tenure and employment levels at companies of various sizes were surveyed to fill an important gap in the behavioral ethics literature. The survey included twenty-two questions, was both age (18 to 100 years) and genderbalanced, and well represented the United States of America. We have examined the role of a pressurized environment on employees in organizations to understand the extent to which they may be conducive or debilitating to ethical conduct. As hypothesized, we find a non-linear relationship between employment factors and Ethicality and a dampening effect of pressure across these key relationships

1974

History of Golf (1) The Nine Toughest Holes in the World (2) Stockie Madness (3) Bartender, One More Round for Pythium (3) Panel: 1973 Turf Problems in Review - 1974 Possible Remedies (A1-A12) Movement of Water to a Holding Pond (A13) Maintenance of Low Budget, Short Season Golf Courses (A16) Turfgrass Fertilization (A18) Determining Turfgrass Fertilizer Needs (A25) Shortage of Plant Food and How to Adjust to Supply and Cost (A29) Panel: Tricalcium Arsenate - Use and Abuse (A33-A46) Operating and Maintaining Municipal Golf Courses (A48) Maintenance of a High Budget Golf Course (A51) Trends in Agricultural Education and Where Are the Emphases (A58) Maintenance of Municipal Parks and Recreation Areas (A60) Maintenance of Grass Tennis Courts (A63) Transition from Natural to Artificial Turf (A67) Plant materials for Outlying Areas (A71) Care of University Grounds (A76) Maintenance of Industrial Sites (A79) Turfgrass Diseases and Systemic Fungicides (A81) A Look at the Future (A 84) Watering of Golf Course Turf (A92

9th Annual Seminar on Legal Issues for Financial Institutions

Outline of speakers\u27 presentations from the 9th Annual Seminar on Legal Issues for Financial Institutions held by UK/CLE on March 10-11, 1989

1961

My Ideal Course, Underwater, U.S.A. (page 1) From the Editor (3) Turf Management Club News (3) Quotes from 1961 Seniors (4) The United States Most Western Owned Golf Course: Armed Forces Golf Course, Guam (5) Turf Majors Participate in Horticultural Show (7) Picture - G.C.S.A Scholarships Awarded to Three Turf Seniors (8) Picture - Stockbridge - Majors in turf Management (9) Opportunity and Education (10) The Most Outstanding Turf Senior for the Year - 1961 (11) How We Prepare Our Greens Before Topdressing (12) An Inexpensive Cure for Weeds and Poa Annua (13) Watering (14) Picture - Honorary Members of the Turf Management Club (16) Picture - Graduates of Winter School for Turf Managers - 1961 (17) Welcome Speech by Narry Sperandio (A-1) Handle with Care by Dr. Ellsworth H. Wheeler (A-2) Current Ideas on Green Construction - Panel Discussion (A-4) Automatic Systems for Watering by Robert F. Harper (A-14) History of Golf Course Architecture by Geoffrey S. Cornish (A-22) Effect of Nutrition on Turf Diseases by Dr. Houston B. Couch Turf Disease Control and Use of Fungicides by Dr. R. J. Lukens Trees and Tree Care by Gordon S. King (A-38) Arsenical Toxicity by Dr. C. R. Skogley (A-41) Soil Reaction to Arsenical Compounds by Joseph E. Steckel Brush Control For the Golf Course by Dr. William I. Boyd (A-51) Massachusetts Highway Herbicide Program by Joseph L. Beasley (A-54) General Turf (Alternate Session): Observations on Highway Turf Establishment & Maintenance by E.F. Button (A-62) Pre-emerge Chemicals for the Control of Crabgrass by Dr. John R. Havis, John M. Zak & Joseph Troll (A-70) Root Growth of Turf Grasses as Affected by Different heights of Cut and Nutrient Levels by Evangel J. Bredakis (A-71) The Use of Sod by Daniel Pellegrino (A-72