Transitivity Analysis of ‘The Old Building’ by Imdad Hussein: A Corpus-Based Study

This study is based on the detailed analysis of the poem ‘The Old Building’ by Pakistani poet Imdad Hussein. This article proposes a thorough analysis of ideational metafunction under transitivity analysis. For this purpose, UAM tool was used for Transitivity analysis includes different processes and through these items, we can put a stance on any context with verb to subject and these processes involve six kinds: material process, mental process, behavioral processes, relational process, verbal process and weathering. This paper investigates the relationship between linguistic structures and its meaning in the literary poem through ideational metafunction, based on Gerot-Wignell (1994) and Halliday's (1995) models of transitivity

Interdiscursivity in Pakistani Drama Serials: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis

The purpose of this study is to analyse the interdiscursivity of Pakistani dramas by applying critical discourse analysis to them. This article explores the nature, function, and use of interdiscursivity in four different Pakistani dramas. Baandi by Asma Nabeel, Cheekh by Zanjabeel Asim Shah, Baghi by Shazia Khan, Ab daikh Khuda Kia Karta hai by Syed Amer Ali Shah Husaini. This paper also deals with the strategies of language and how language is being practised by different characters in different dramas to show their cultural background through the lens of media. Fairclaugh\u27s dimensional model has been used to analyse the data. The study also takes into account how interdiscursivity explores the hidden agenda behind these ideologies. This study aims to dig out scenes and characters from these four dramas. Discursive practises have been shown through the perspective of violence and hegemony created by the continuous practise of patriarchy in our society. &nbsp

Highlighting the Sound Shift in Punjabi Language: A Corpus-Based Descriptive Study

Punjabi language is most widely spoken language of Pakistan (Abbas, Chohan, Ahmed, & Kaleem, 2016). Punjabi is under developed language because of which, upcoming generations are shifting to other technically and digitally developed languages such as Urdu and English. In result of which, the sound shift is being observed in Punjabi language. Sounds which used to be present in the past in Punjabi language are found missing now. This leads to a problematic situation that this sound shift may result in language extinction and sound loss. This study is about the sound change and it has been studied in Punjabi language. On the basis of observation of speech in surrounding, researcher made a hypothesis that those speakers of Punjabi language who acquired Punjabi as L1 are able to produce few distinctive sounds that are not produced by the speakers who acquired Urdu as a mother tongue. For this purpose, a corpus of 2 million words was collected and the words including the sounds |n|ن  and |l| ل were particularly shortlisted from the corpus. The speakers from both origins were asked to pronounce these words, the hypothesis was proved and, in result, variations in the pronunciation of sounds were observed. Sociolinguists and Phonologists need to heed on this issue to save Punjabi language from extinction

Highlighting the Sound Shift in Punjabi Language: A Corpus-Based Descriptive Study

Punjabi language is most widely spoken language of Pakistan (Abbas, Chohan, Ahmed, & Kaleem, 2016). Punjabi is under developed language because of which, upcoming generations are shifting to other technically and digitally developed languages such as Urdu and English. In result of which, the sound shift is being observed in Punjabi language. Sounds which used to be present in the past in Punjabi language are found missing now. This leads to a problematic situation that this sound shift may result in language extinction and sound loss. This study is about the sound change and it has been studied in Punjabi language. On the basis of observation of speech in surrounding, researcher made a hypothesis that those speakers of Punjabi language who acquired Punjabi as L1 are able to produce few distinctive sounds that are not produced by the speakers who acquired Urdu as a mother tongue. For this purpose, a corpus of 2 million words was collected and the words including the sounds |n|ن and |l| ل were particularly shortlisted from the corpus. The speakers from both origins were asked to pronounce these words, the hypothesis was proved and, in result, variations in the pronunciation of sounds were observed. Sociolinguists and Phonologists need to heed on this issue to save Punjabi language from extinction

Reduction in Average Length of Stay in Emergency Department of a Low-Income Country's Cancer Hospital.

Introduction: Prolonged length of stay (LOS) in emergency departments (ED) is a widespread problem in every hospital around the globe. Multiple factors cause it and can have a negative impact on the quality of care provided to the patients and the patient satisfaction rates. This project aimed to ensure that the average LOS of patients in a tertiary care cancer hospital stays below 3 hours. Materials and Methods: The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach was followed. Results: The average LOS was 166 minutes before implementing interventions. The two primary reasons for the increased length of stay were delays secondary to physician assessment and diagnostic lab reports. Strategies were defined to control these factors, which helped reduce the average length of stay to 142 minutes, a 30% reduction. Conclusion: A process improvement model similar to this project is recommended to enhance the quality of hospital services. It will provide valuable insights into the process flow and assist in gathering precise data on the various steps involved. The data collected can then be analyzed to identify potential causes and make informed decisions that can significantly improve hospital processes

Semiotic Analysis of Pakistani Drama Cover Pages

The aim of this project is to find out the different layers of meaning and different interpretations of meaning on the cover pages of Pakistani dramas through semiotic analysis. For this purpose, six cover pages of different Pakistani dramas were selected and analyzed in terms of semiotics. The size, color, dresses, and facial expressions were deeply analyzed. The analysis showed that there were multiple meanings that were conveyed to the audience through different schemes of colors, dresses, and styles presented on the cover pages of dramas. Different major aspects of society were also analyzed, like religious, social, cultural, etc. It was investigated how these aspects were portrayed on the cover pages of dramas. The study revealed that semiotic analysis helps the audience understand the hidden meanings of the cover pages. It also helped to know what the theme of the story was and what the characteristics of the characters were

ARGUMENTATION DIFFERENCES IN ENL, ESL AND EFL LEARNERS: IDEATIONAL GRAMMATICAL METAPHOR ANALYSIS

Ideational Grammatical Metaphor (IGM) plays a crucial role in achieving encapsulation and objectivity in academic writing (Thompson, 2014). This research investigates the use of IGM in expository essays written by English learners from different linguistic backgrounds, namely English as Native Language (ENL), English as Second Language (ESL), and English as Foreign Language (EFL), to explore argumentative differences based on linguistic resources. The Stratal Model of IGM, proposed by Halliday and Matthiessen (1999), was applied to a corpus of 15 essays, consisting of five ENL, five ESL, and five EFL essays, drawn from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE) (Devrim, 2015). The results indicate that ENL, ESL, and EFL writers used IGM to nominalize their writing by 38%, 37%, and 25%, respectively. The grammatical density in ENL, ESL, and EFL essays was 36%, 32%, and 32%, respectively. These findings suggest that ESL learners, compared to EFL learners, are more argumentative and closer to ENL learners in their argumentative writing. However, the high amount of grammatical density in ENL essays indicates effective use of IGM, including nominal groups, whereas ESL and EFL essays primarily utilized relative clauses for nominalization. This research can be used pedagogically to reduce the argumentative gap between ENL, ESL, and EFL learners by utilizing IGM and emphasizing significant linguistic patterns in argumentative writing

An Analysis of Flags as Cultural Icons: A Semiotic Study of 30 Countries

The study analyzes the flags of 30 countries through the lens of semiotic theory, specifically employing Berger and Luckman's (1966) model. This model highlights three perspectives of meaning: precise meaning, designed meaning, and intended meaning, all within the framework of social constructionism. It extends the concept of precise meaning, which elicits specific responses from recipients. These meanings contribute to the ideology underlying the visual elements of the sign, signifier, and signified, as proposed by Saussure (1916). The study adopts a descriptive qualitative design to examine the flags of 30 countries, analyzing the signs (visuals) in terms of precise meaning, context or designed meaning (related to physical appearance), and intended meaning (as intended to be perceived). Furthermore, each country's dominance is intricately linked to its image and perspective, reflecting the significance they place on their flags, rooted in their background, history, and culture. The results reveal that each country conveys its ideology through its choice of themes, colors, and patterns, reflecting socio-cultural patterns. The pride and sense of identity of each country are analyzed through their flag choices, which symbolize their historical journey towards statehood