54 research outputs found
A gazda-parazita kapcsolat evolúciós-ökológiai vizsgálata = Evolutionary ecological studies on the host-parasite relationship
Pályázatunk munkaterve mozaikos felĂ©pĂtĂ©sű volt, több, egymáshoz is kapcsolĂłdĂł, de mĂ©gis megkĂĽlönböztethetĹ‘ rĂ©sztĂ©mát ölelt fel. Valamennyi rĂ©sztĂ©ma a gazda-parazita kapcsolatok Ă©s a tágan Ă©rtelmezett, termĂ©szettudományos szemlĂ©letű epidemiolĂłgia kĂ©rdĂ©seihez kapcsolĂłdott, Ă©s kĂĽlönösen a gazda-parazita kapcsolatok evolĂşciĂłs, ökolĂłgiai Ă©s viselkedĂ©studományi elemzĂ©sĂ©hez köthetĹ‘. Munkáink egy rĂ©sze metodikai fejlesztĂ©s volt, ezek eredmĂ©nyei Ăşj tudományos szoftverek a parazitolĂłgia Ă©s a tĂ©rbeli epidemiolĂłgia terĂ©n. Más eredmĂ©nyeink Ăşj tudományos hipotĂ©zisek lĂ©trehozását cĂ©lozták (4 dolgozat). Tanulmányaink a gazda-parazita evolĂşciĂłs-ökolĂłgiai kapcsolatok terĂ©n többek közt a madarak ivĂłz-higiĂ©niai adaptáciĂłit Ă©s toll-lyukait, valamint a tetvek fajgazdagságát Ă©s ivari dimorfizmusát elemeztĂ©k. Számos dolgozatunk konkrĂ©t biolĂłgiai-epidemiolĂłgiai esettanulmányt foglalt magába (pl. veszettsĂ©g, kutyák bolha-, kullancs-, Babesia- Ă©s Borrelia-fertĹ‘zöttsĂ©ge, Ĺ‘zek papilloma-vĂrus, madarak Usutu-vĂrus fertĹ‘zöttsĂ©ge). KĂ©t dolgozatunk a biolĂłgiai fegyverek törtĂ©netĂ©vel Ă©s a biolĂłgiai biztonsággal foglalkozott. EredmĂ©nyeinket impaktos lapban publikált mintegy 20 db tanulmányban, illetve számos más hazai Ă©s nemzetközi fĂłrumon is közzĂ© tettĂĽk. E munkáink egy rĂ©szĂ©t máris citálják az ISI Web of Science-ben. | This research project was based on a mosaic-like research plan consisting of several small subject connected to each other. Each of these was related to biological epidemiology, or - more specifically - to the evolutionary, ecological and behavioural study of pathogens and diseases. Part of our studies were methodological, these mostly resulted in new scientific software. Another type of our results comes in the form of new hypotheses (4 articles). Our studies within the field of the evolution and ecology of host-parasite interactions investigated the drinking-water preferences of birds, the origin of feather holes in small passerines, the taxonomic richness and the sexual size dimorphism of avian lice. Furthermore, we have analysed particular epidemics like rabies, flea, tick, Babesia and Borrelia infections of dogs, the Papilloma virus infections of the roe deer, and the Usutu virus infections of wild birds. Two of our studies examine some aspects of the history of biological warfare. Results of the above studies were published in cca. 20 papers in relevant scientific journals and also at several other Hungarian and international forums, and some of these are already cited in ISI Web of Science
Evaluation of Pgp (MDR1) immunohistochemistry in canine lymphoma – prognostic and clinical aspects
Permeability glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein, Pgp) immunohistochemistry (IHC) was evaluated in dogs with multicentric lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide– doxorubicin–vincristine–prednisolone with or without L-Asparaginase. Lymph nodes of 33 untreated dogs were immunophenotyped: Ki67% and Pgp analyses (with anti-Pgp, monoclonal mouse C494 clone) were performed. Pgp positivity rate and intensity were determined microscopically (by manual counting done by two blinded authors in two parallel specimens). The median overall survival time (OST) was 333 days and the relapse-free period (RFP) 134 days. Pgp expressions were positive in 18 out of 33 (54.5%) of tumour cells. T-cell types stained more intensively. Lower OST and RFP were found with Pgp positivity ≥ 35% (OST: 240 days, RFP: 95 days) compared to Pgp positivity < 35% (OST: 428 days, RFP: 232 days). Intensive staining was associated with a lower OST and RFP (240 and 103 days, respectively) than weak staining (428 and 221 days, respectively). Death due to adverse drug reactions was best predicted at Pgp positivity ≤ 6.5% (sensitivity/specificity: 0.55/0.81) and ≤ 123 days (sensitivity/ specificity: 0.55/0.86). Pgp evaluation by IHC can have prognostic value with a properly established Pgp% positivity cut-off value in dogs treated with Pgp substrate drugs
Anticipatory response before competition in Standardbred racehorses
It is generally accepted that besides cortisol concentrations, parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) are appropriate indicators of stress in horses. The aim of this study was to determine anticipatory stress in eight Standardbred stallions participating in harness race. Cortisol and HRV responses to a mild exercise performed in training circumstances were compared to a maximal effort exercise performed in real trotting race conditions. Parameters of HRV reflecting vagal (root mean square of the successive differences, RMSSD) and sympathetic nervous system activity (ratio of the low and high frequency component, LF/HF) were recorded before warming up (baseline) and during exercise. Plasma cortisol concentrations were obtained for the following stages of the exercise: before warming up (baseline), after warming up, after the exercise has finished and after a 30-min recovery. Baseline LF/HF ratio was higher before the race compared to the pre-training values (12.0 ± 6.6 vs. 5.9 ± 4.5, P = 0.009), while RMSSD did not show such difference (34.8 ± 15.9 ms vs. 48.0 ± 30.5 ms, P = 0.96). Cortisol level was higher in the case of race for all samples compared to training (P = 0.012). There were no significant differences between plasma cortisol levels obtained for the subsequent stages of race. Horses in the present study showed anticipatory response before race as shown by differences in pre-training (97.3 ± 16.4 nmol/L) and pre-race cortisol levels (171.8 ± 18.7 nmol/L), respectively (P < 0.001). Pre-race HRV only partly confirmed this phenomenon
Acetic acid hydroconversion over mono-and bimetallic indium doped catalysts supported on alumina and silicas of various textures
Abstract
Consecutive hydroconversion of acetic acid (AA) to ethanol was compared over monometallic and novel bimetallic (containing In as guest metal) catalysts on alumina and silica supports (inter alia highly ordered SBA-15) of different porosity and pore structure.
The transformation was studied in a fixed bed, flow-through reactor in the temperature range of 220–380°C using hydrogen flow at 21 bar total pressure. AA hydroconversion activity of Cu and Pt catalysts and the yield of selectively produced alcohol were increased drastically by applying SBA-15 as highly ordered, mesoporous silica support instead of alumina. The most active nickel catalysts do not allow the selective addition of hydrogen to carbon-oxygen bonds independently of supports producing mainly CH4; however, indium doping can completely eliminate the hydrodecarbonylation activity as found in earlier studies. The textural properties of studied silica supports of various textures such as SBA-15, CAB-O-SIL, and Grace Sylobead have a profound impact on the catalytic performance of Ni and Ni2In particles.</jats:p
A kis apollólepke (Parnassius mnemosyne (LINNAEUS,1758)) nektárnövényfajok közti választása
A lepkĂ©k jĂł modelljei lehetnek a táplálĂ©kforrás-választás tanulmányozásának, mert akifej-lett egyedek válogatnak a nektárforrás-kĂnálatbĂłl Ă©s kĂ©pesek alkalmazkodni idĹ‘ben változĂł táplálĂ©k-forrásaikhoz.CĂ©lunk a kis apollĂłlepke (Parnassius mnemosyne(LINNAEUS, 1758)) nektárnövĂ©nyfaj-választását befolyásolĂł virágtulajdonságok megismerĂ©se volt.A vizsgált populáciĂłk egyedeit jelölĂ©s-visszalátás mĂłdszerrel mintavĂ©teleztĂĽk 5, majd 2 Ă©ven keresztĂĽl kĂ©t egymáshoz közeli rĂ©ten a Viseg-rádi-hegysĂ©gben. A virággyakoriságot bejárásos mĂłdszerrel becsĂĽltĂĽk. A virágtulajdonságokat aBiolflor adatbázisbĂłl gyűjtöttĂĽk.Az Ă©venkĂ©nti viráglátogatási arány változott a növĂ©nyfajok között. Nagy változatosságot találtunk az elĂ©rhetĹ‘ növĂ©nyek tulajdonságaiban Ă©s a virágkĂnálatban azegyes Ă©vek Ă©s a kĂ©t rĂ©t között. A lepkĂ©k választását a virágok gyakorisága, szĂne Ă©s tĂpusa, valamint a rovar-beporzás szerepe befolyásolta az egyik, mĂg csupán a virággyakoriság Ă©s a virágszĂn amásik rĂ©ten.AnövĂ©nyek beporzĂłik választását befolyásolĂł tulajdonságai egymástĂłl valĂłszĂnűleg nem fĂĽggetle-nek. A viráglátogatási mintázat mindkĂ©t Ă©lĹ‘helyen arra utal, hogy a kis apollĂłlepkĂ©k választanak elĂ©r-hetĹ‘ forrásaik közĂĽl. A kĂ©t rĂ©t populáciĂłi közötti kĂĽlönbsĂ©g azt sugallja, hogy a választás környezet-fĂĽggĹ‘. ValĂłszĂnű, hogy az energiabefektetĂ©s-arányosan kinyerhetĹ‘ legtöbb Ă©s/vagy legjobb nektárt nyĂşjtĂł fajokat látogatják a leggyakrabban. Ahhoz, hogy egy Ă©lĹ‘hely megfelelĹ‘ legyen egy adott lep-kefaj számára, elsĹ‘dleges szempont a lárvális tápnövĂ©ny jelenlĂ©te, ám az imágĂłk táplálĂ©kát biztosĂtĂł nektárnövĂ©nyek kellĹ‘ mennyisĂ©gű elĹ‘fordulása is nĂ©lkĂĽlözhetetlen lehet
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