A study on knowledge attitude and practice of colorectal cancer screening in west Malaysia

In Malaysia, colorectal cancer accounts for 142% of ma.le cancers makin~ i! the commonest earjcer in mafes. It is the third most common canter amorig women ( 10.1% of female cancers).lt is proven that mortality due to colorectal cancer and incidence of m;;liignantneoplasmcari be effectively reduced with early diagnosis. However despite the availabrlity of screaning motlalities, · · almost 80% of Malaysian sought treatment for cancer only when they were already in late stage. It could be due to patient's ignorance or negative attitude of the primary hea.lth care personels · toward colorectal cancer screening. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of colorecti!l cancer screening among primary health care providers and moderate risk patients iri west Malaysia. It is a cross sectional study involving 44 Health clinic in West Malaysia, A total of 116 primary health care providers and 1905 moderate risk patients were enrolled in this study. Generally the understanding about colorectal cancer screening is very low among moderate risk · patient. Only 7 % of them know about FOBT and colonoscopy and only 3 % of them had good . attitude score. We also found that only 0.7 %of patient who should undergone screening had it done. For primary health care providers, despite having reasonable knowledge on clorectal cancer screening, their attitude score is very low . Only 1. 7 % of them had good attitude score. Only 20 % of them are performing some form of colorectal cancer screening in their practice

Characteristic Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on HbA1C

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases with hyperglycemia characteristic that occurs due to insulin resistance accompanied by relative insulin deficiency. Monitoring the metabolic status of DM patients is important. One method that can be used to determine blood glucose control in people with DM is measurement of hemoglobin-glycosylated (HbA1c). Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of DM patients based on HbA1c levels in Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Method: The study used a cross-sectional design, and descriptive data presentation. The study took a sample of 180 people with type 2 diabetes in Ponorogo Regency. Respondent characteristic data in the form of age, sex, education and duration of DM were obtained through interviews, and HbA1c values were obtained by blood tests in a standardized laboratory in Ponorogo Regency. Results: The results of the study shows that 81.7% of 180 DM patients had 16.5% HbA1c values. Patients with HbA1c ≥6.5% are mostly women, old age, low education, and have had suffered DM less than 5 years. Discussion: To prevent further complications, glycemic control is needed through routine and periodic HbA1c checks

Pregnancy Preparation Analysis And Determinant Factors In Pregnant Women

Background: Pregnancy preparation is still not the focus of attention for pregnant women. Good pregnancy preparation is supported by three factors, namely social demographics, pregnancy characteristics, and a history of depression. This study aims to analyze pregnancy preparation and its determinant factors in pregnant women in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. Methods: This research is quantitative correlational analytic research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all pregnant women at health centers in Medan City, North Sumatra. The sampling technique used simple random sampling, with a total of 375 pregnant women. The data were analyzed through the Chi-Square test. Results: There was a significant relationship between age ( p = 0.005), education (p = 0.001), economic status (p = 0.012), pregnancy status  (p = 0.000), and history of depression (p = 0.002) with preparation for pregnancy in pregnant women.  Conclusion: The existence of socio-demographic relationships, pregnancy characteristics, and a history of depression with pregnancy preparation in pregnant women provide an overview for health workers to assist in pregnancy preparation during preconception

Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and its Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients Availing Primary Health Care in Terengganu State, Malaysia

Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are considered to be at high risk for contracting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LTBI and its associated factors among diabetic patients attending primary care clinics in Terengganu state, Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending 11 health clinics in the Terengganu region from June 2017 to November 2018. The selected participants were administered a tuberculin skin test (TST). Simple and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to evaluate the significant associated factors of LTBI. Results: The total number of participants were 703 DM patients. The factors found associated with LTBI were poor diabetic control status (odds ratio (OR) = 8.53; p=0.008), being a healthcare worker (OR = 7.91; p=0.001), history of contact with TB patients (OR = 5.69; p < 0.001), bronchial asthma (OR = 5.28; p=0.019), coronary heart disease (OR = 3.45; p=0.026), and nephropathy (OR = 0.34; p=0.040). The presence of LTBI was found in 34 (4.8%) participants. Conclusions: At 4.8%, the prevalence of LTBI among DM patients in Terengganu is relatively low. Diabetics with poorly controlled blood glucose levels, nephropathy, bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, history of TB patient contact, or working in the healthcare profession should be periodically tested for LTBI

Medication Compliance In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an incurable but manageable disease. The ability to control blood sugar levels in these patients requires collaboration between health care providers, especially doctors who prescribe drugs, and patients as someone whose health outcome will be affected. The results of cooperation between the two parties are shown by the patient's compliance in taking daily medication. The purpose of this paper is to gain a theoretical understanding of the concept of adherence in medication (taking daily medication in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients). Compliance in taking daily medication is the behavior to follow the suggestions or procedures from doctors about the use of drugs, which was preceded by the consultation process between patients and doctors as health service providers. Some aspects used to measure compliance in taking daily medications are frequency, number of pills/other drugs, continuity, metabolism in the body, biological aspects in the blood, and physiological changes in the body. While the determinants of the emergence of adherence in taking daily drugs include: patient perceptions and behavior, interactions between patients and doctors and medical communication between the two parties, policies and practices of treatment in the public made by the authorities and various interventions carried out so that compliance in consuming drugs occurs. The results of this paper are expected to be an understanding for those who are dealing with type 2 Diab

Prevalence and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)

© 2021 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010305Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and tuberculosis (TB) together impose a high disease burden in terms of both mortality and health economics worldwide. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of latent TB infection (LTBI) in patients with T2DM in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was performed, and adult T2DM patients (n = 299) were included. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the LTBI-associated risk factors in patients with T2DM. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between T2DM and LTBI and was adjusted for potential confounders. The prevalence of LTBI in patients with T2DM was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.0–15.0%). There was no significant difference in the socio-demographic characteristics between LTBI and non-LTBI subjects. No significant difference in the smoking status, the duration of smoking, and the duration of T2DM, HbA1c, or treatments was observed. Interestingly, a higher level of education was observed to be associated with a lower prevalence of LTBI in T2DM patients (aOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01–0.70, p = 0.02). Although the prevalence of LTBI in T2DM was low, it is important to screen for it in T2DM patients due to the risk of developing severe active TB.This research was funded by the Universiti Sains Malaysia short term grant 304/PPSP/61313027.Published versio

Metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in women exposed to secondhand smoke

Background Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to determine the effects of SHS on the cardiovascular disease biomarkers, namely the metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in healthy adult women. Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among healthy women. The cases included those women exposed to SHS, and the controls included those women not exposed to SHS. SHS exposure was defined as being exposed to SHS for at least 15 min for 2 days per week. Venous blood was taken to measure the metabolic markers (high molecular weight adiponectin, insulin level, insulin resistance, and nonesterified fatty acids), oxidative stress markers (oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol and 8-isoprostane), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6). A hair nicotine analysis was also performed. An analysis of covariance and a simple linear regression analysis were conducted. Results There were 101 women in the SHS exposure group and 91 women in the non-SHS exposure group. The mean (with standard deviation) of the hair nicotine levels was significantly higher in the SHS exposure group when compared to the non-SHS exposure group [0.22 (0.62) vs. 0.04 (0.11) ng/mg; P = 0.009]. No significant differences were observed in the high molecular weight adiponectin, insulin and insulin resistance, nonesterified fatty acids, 8-isoprostane, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, interleukin-6, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the two groups. The serum high molecular weight adiponectin was negatively associated with the insulin level and insulin resistance in the women exposed to SHS. However, no significant relationships were seen between the high molecular weight adiponectin and nonesterified fatty acids, 8-isoprostane, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the SHS group. Discussion There were no significant differences in the metabolic, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers between the SHS exposure and non-SHS exposure healthy women. A low serum level of high molecular weight adiponectin was associated with an increased insulin level and resistance in the women exposed to SHS