Microfield Dynamics of Black Holes

The microcanonical treatment of black holes as opposed to the canonical formulation is reviewed and some major differences are displayed. In particular the decay rates are compared in the two different pictures.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures, Revtex, Minor change in forma

Statistical mechanics of Kerr-Newman dilaton black holes and the bootstrap condition

The Bekenstein-Hawking ``entropy'' of a Kerr-Newman dilaton black hole is computed in a perturbative expansion in the charge-to-mass ratio. The most probable configuration for a gas of such black holes is analyzed in the microcanonical formalism and it is argued that it does not satisfy the equipartition principle but a bootstrap condition. It is also suggested that the present results are further support for an interpretation of black holes as excitations of extended objects.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 2 PS figures included (requires epsf), submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Can black holes and naked singularities be detected in accelerators?

We study the conditions for the existence of black holes that can be produced in colliders at TeV-scale if the space-time is higher dimensional. On employing the microcanonical picture, we find that their life-times strongly depend on the details of the model. If the extra dimensions are compact (ADD model), microcanonical deviations from thermality are in general significant near the fundamental TeV mass and tiny black holes decay more slowly than predicted by the canonical expression, but still fast enough to disappear almost instantaneously. However, with one warped extra dimension (RS model), microcanonical corrections are much larger and tiny black holes appear to be (meta)stable. Further, if the total charge is not zero, we argue that naked singularities do not occur provided the electromagnetic field is strictly confined on an infinitely thin brane. However, they might be produced in colliders if the effective thickness of the brane is of the order of the fundamental length scale (~1/TeV).Comment: 6 pages, RevTeX 3, 1 figure and 1 table, important changes and addition

The Effects of Live Music as the Discriminative Stimulus and Reinforcer on the Skill Acquisition of Learners with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders are challenged with memory and language deficits that impact their skills acquisition (Martin, Klusek, Estigarriba, & Roberts, 2009; Turner & Alborz, 2003). The value of music when applied as an antecedent and a reinforcer has long been established to address such memory and language deficits (Brownell, 2002; Kern & Aldridge, 2006; Kouri & Winn, 2006; Lim & Draper, 2011; Register, Darrow, Standley, & Swedberg, 2007; Schwartzberg & Silverman, 2012, 2013; Sena-Moore, Peterson, O'Shea, McIntosh, & Thaut, 2008; Simpson & Keen, 2010; Thaut, Peterson, Sena-Moore, & McIntosh, 2008). Related to this literature, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of live music when applied as the discriminative stimulus and reinforcer on the skills acquisition of learners with neurodevelopmental disorders. Effects were compared across four conditions: (a) verbal delivery of both a discriminative stimulus and reinforcer (SDV:RV), (b) verbal delivery of a discriminative stimulus and live music delivery of a reinforcer (SDV:RM), (c) live music delivery of a discriminative stimulus and verbal delivery of a reinforcer (SDM:RV), and (d) live music delivery of both a discriminative stimulus and reinforcer (SDM:RM). The initial question investigated whether there were any differences between means across the four conditions. The results of a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance determined the four conditions did indeed vary from one another as evidenced by the large effect size for condition and time. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to determine if differences across conditions were present. These results indicated that all four conditions yielded improved outcomes across time or sessions. Upon comparison of pairs of conditions, the most effective conditions was deemed the combined form of live music as both the discriminative stimulus/ antecedent and the reinforcer/feedback (SDM:RM). The verbal SD and live music R (SDV:RM) condition was next best, followed by live music SD and verbal R (SDM:RV) and verbal SD and verbal R (SDV:RV). Further research that isolates the music variables is recommended

Exploring the Connection between Interpersonal Needs and Conflict Resolution Styles

The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between interpersonal needs and the preference for conflict resolution styles or modes. While previous studies have examined the relationship between manifest needs (or personality traits in the form of needs) and conflict resolution modes, this study specifically investigates interpersonal needs as defined by the Fundamental Interpersonal Orientations Behavior theory and the Thomas-Kilmann conflict modes. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between the various constructs. Results indicate that expressed control has a significant positive relationship with preference for the competing conflict resolution mode and a significant negative relationship with preference for the accommodating conflict resolution mode. No additional significant relationships were found between the interpersonal needs and conflict resolution modes. Implications and recommendations for future research on this topic are discussed

Extensiveness of business planning and firm survival: an examination into the drivers of success and survival for knowledge intensive start-up firms

A number of studies have found that writing a business plan increases the likelihood of firm survival. For instance, Liao and Gartner (2006) found that firms that completed a business plan were nearly three times more likely to launch their business than those that did not. On the contrary, other studies have found no association between writing a business plan and success. For example, Honig and Karlsson (2004) found evidence that entrepreneurs only write business plans because they are required to do so by investors, educators and advisors. While the evidence is mixed on the effectiveness of business planning, previous research has not examined individual elements of business plans. Thus, it is not clear which aspects (e.g., financial projections v. marketing strategy) of business planning are positively (or negatively) related to performance and survival. Our study addresses two main issues concerning the impact of business planning in firm survival: 1) Are surviving firms different in the extent of their business planning? 2) Which topical areas within business planning are more (or less) predictive of firm survival? To seek answers, we reconceptualize business planning along four dimensions: service/product description, marketing strategy, financial projections and organizational planning

PP-waves on Superbrane Backgrounds

In this paper we discuss a method of generating supersymmetric solutions of the Einstein equations. The method involves the embedding of one supersymmetric spacetime into another. We present two examples with constituent spacetimes which support "charges", one of which was known previously and the other of which is new. Both examples have PP-waves as one of the embedding constituents.Comment: 6 pages no figure

Modelling the Northeast Atlantic circulation : implications for the spring invasion of shelf regions by Calanus finmarchicus

The appearance in spring of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in continental shelf waters of the northeastern Atlantic has been hypothesized to be mainly attributable to invasion from across the continental slope rather than in situ overwintering. This paper describes the application of a hydrodynamic circulation model and a particle-tracking model to Northeast Atlantic waters in order to assess the influence of the flow field and ascent migration parameters on the spring invasion of C. finmarchicus. For hydrodynamic modelling, the Hamburg Shelf-Ocean Model (HAMSOM) was applied to the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas and forced with daily mean atmospheric data. Simulated flow fields from HAMSOM serve as forcing functions for a particle-tracking model of the same region. The robustness of the simulated shelf invasion in three target boxes of the Northeast Atlantic Shelf was assessed by means of a sensitivity analysis with respect to variations in four key migration parameters: overwintering depth, ascent rate, ascent timing, and depth during residence in upper layers. The invasion of the northern North Sea and Norwegian Shelf waters is more sensitive to ascent migration parameters than invasion of the Faroese Shelf. The main reason for enhanced sensitivity of the North Sea invasion is the time and space-dependent flow structure in the Faroe-Shetland Channel. Dense aggregations of overwintering C. finmarchicus are found in the Channel, but because of the complex flow field only a proportion of the overwintering stock has the capacity to reach the North Sea