Pleasant Grove City v. Summum: Identifying Government Speech & Classifying Speech Forums

In Pleasant Grove City v. Summum, the Supreme Court must decide whether a privately-donated Ten Commandments monument currently on display in a city park is the private speech of the donor or the government speech of Pleasant Grove City. Summum, a religious organization, sued Pleasant Grove City in federal court claiming that because the city had displayed in a city park a donated Ten Commandments monument, the First Amendment compelled the city to also accept and display Summum\u27s proposed Seven Aphorisms of Summum monument. If the Court decides it is the private speech of the donor, it will have to characterize the type of speech forum that exists in permanent monuments at a city park. These determinations will resolve whether Pleasant Grove City could constitutionally decline to erect Summum\u27s monument and clarify First Amendment jurisprudence regarding government speech and forum classification

High Permittivity Anisotropic 3d Printed Material

In this work, the diagonal elements of the permittivity matrix for dielectric samples, 3D printed with a carbon fiber-loaded material (XT-CF20), are measured for frequencies within the range of 1 MHz to 18 GHz. These permittivity measurements demonstrated a strong anisotropy, indicating that the electromagnetic properties of the CF20 material depend on the infill method used to print. The importance of understanding the anisotropy for microwave device design is demonstrated via a dielectric-loaded cavity resonator application

Coupling Path Analysis for Smart Speaker Intentional Electromagnetic Interference Attacks

This Paper Shows an Improved Understanding of the Coupling Path for Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (IEMI) Attacks on Smart Speaker Devices. This Includes a Method for Finding the Ideal Attack Angle and Locating the Region Sensitive to the Coupled EMI. in Previous Works, It Was Shown to Be Possible to Send RF Commands to a Smart Speaker and Have These Commands Be Interpreted as Voice Commands by the Microphone. However, the Attack Still Had Some Limited Understanding in Terms of the Coupling Path Location and Long-Distance Attack Potential. using the Improved Understanding of the Attack, a Longer Attack Distance is Achieved (6 Meters) with Only 6.5 Watts of Power

Design and Construction of an Arbitrary Pulse Compressive Amplifier

Compressive Pulse Amplifiers Are a Class of Amplifiers that Convert Long Low Amplitude Signals into Very Broadband Pulses of High Amplitude, Yielding a Very High Instantaneous Peak Power Output Pulse. However, in the Realm of Electronic Immunity and Susceptibility Testing, Very Broadband Short Pulses Are Not Always Desired. This Work Presents a Design for a Compressive Amplifier that is Aimed at Creating Arbitrary Pulsed Signals of Varying Bandwidths. Limitations of the Achievable Gain and Methods Used Are Discussed

Achieving Green Building in Qatar through Legal and Fiscal Tools

This article considers how the advancement of green building can provide multiple dividends in Qatar by enabling reduced resource consumption and producing less waste. LEED® certified “green” buildings consume between 10% and 25% less energy and 11% less water and emit 34% lower greenhouse gases than similar conventional buildings. The article analyses Qatar’s law and policy approaches and available options. It further examines comparative law and policy models in the UK to explore how compatible such measures would be in Qatar. It concludes with possible legal and policy options available, assessing how effective such measures may work if transplanted into and/or adapted by Qatar