Burst avalanches in solvable models of fibrous materials

We review limiting models for fracture in bundles of fibers, with statistically distributed thresholds for breakdown of individual fibers. During the breakdown process, avalanches consisting of simultaneous rupture of several fibers occur, and the distribution $D(\Delta)$ of the magnitude $\Delta$ of such avalanches is the central characteristics in our analysis. For a bundle of parallel fibers two limiting models of load sharing are studied and contrasted: the global model in which the load carried by a bursting fiber is equally distributed among the surviving members, and the local model in which the nearest surviving neighbors take up the load. For the global model we investigate in particular the conditions on the threshold distribution which would lead to anomalous behavior, i.e. deviations from the asymptotics $D(\Delta) \sim \Delta^{-5/2}$, known to be the generic behavior. For the local model no universal power-law asymptotics exists, but we show for a particular threshold distribution how the avalanche distribution can nevertheless be explicitly calculated in the large-bundle limit.Comment: 28 pages, RevTeX, 3 Postscript figure

A New Documentation System for the Mississippi Test Facility

Lost--lost in a maze — some of the finest technical minds in the space program hampered and confused by the labrinyth of disorganized, unreliable documentation. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as a vital part of its Apollo Program mission of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely within this decade, authorized the construction of the Mississippi Test Facility (MTF). This facility was designed to captive test fire the first and second stages of the Apollo moon rocket--the Saturn V. The construction and subsequent activation of MTF was accomplished thru the Corps of Engineers, who, as NASA\u27s prime contracting agency, subcontracted the design, construction and installation with various firms. Each contract was made to accomplish a specific task and the documentation generated was restricted to reflect only the contract task. The acres of swampland have now disappeared 0 The scars of the bulldozers have become roads and canals, the gaping holes left by the giant shovels are filled with massive structures of concrete and steel--MTF is operational. We now examine the documentation evolved by the over sixty separate, independent contractors involved, for adaptation to the new role of MTF as an operational facility. We find the twelve thousand facility and technical systems drawings, perfectly suitable for construction and installation, unable to support the overall site-wide systems operations, and with no traceability between interfacing contracts. To compound these problems the Facility has seen many changes during activation that were never recorded on the drawings

Journey to Refuge: Understanding Refugees, Exploring Trauma, and Best Practices for Newcomers and Schools

Pre-K through 12th grade schools within the United States have become much more diverse in recent years. Schools are now commonly not only diverse because of diverse students born in the United States, but also have many immigrant students. A growing number of these immigrant students are resettled children who have refugee status. In schools, these recent immigrants are called newcomers. This book is a culmination of research and anecdotal experiences regarding the refugee issue as it pertains to these students in American schools and schools elsewhere in the world. Scholars, policy makers, educators, those who work in the refugee field, artists, musicians, and others have come together to provide this resource of fifteen chapters that address three areas regarding the refugee student. This information is designed to help educators and volunteers who work with newcomer students and includes a) what it means to be a refugee, b) how the newcomer student may be affected by trauma, and c) best practices for the classroom. Additionally, fifteen spotlight sections highlight valuable resources, ideas, or organizations that may assist schools and educators who work with newcomer students. This book goes alongside a documentary film called Refuge in the Heartland, which the editor co-directed and is available on YouTube, and was produced by the Kansas State University College of Education. The authors and contributors of this book have direct experience in working with refugees, newcomer students, traumatized individuals, or in teacher preparation programs. The work of former students of 40 universities is represented in this text, as well as many other non-profit organizations. The artwork was done by students at Valley Center Middle School in Valley Center, Kansas and by their teacher, Marie Taylor, a graduate of the KSU College of Education Art Education Program. This book is dedicated to the children who leave a refugee camp halfway across the world on a hot summer day dressed in shorts, a T-shirt, and flip flips, and whose airplane lands on a ten-degree day in a snowy, cold place that is unlike anything they have ever experienced.https://newprairiepress.org/ebooks/1026/thumbnail.jp

1861-08-17 A.D. Harlow submits a bill to Adjutant General Hodsdon

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_2nd_regiment_corr/1102/thumbnail.jp

1861-08-12 A.D. Harlow writes to Adjutant General Hodsdon regarding the regimental band

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_2nd_regiment_corr/1093/thumbnail.jp

1861-08-15 A.D. Harlow writes to Adjutant General Hodsdon explaining the poor state of the regiment

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_2nd_regiment_corr/1099/thumbnail.jp

1861-07-25 A.D. Harlow writes to Adjutant General Hodsdon regarding transportation for musicians

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_2nd_regiment_corr/1080/thumbnail.jp

Menstrual disorders in rural Gambia.

As part of a community-based reproductive morbidity survey in rural Gambia, the prevalence and association of menstrual disorders with sociodemographic characteristics and other reproductive morbidities, and with knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs concerning menstrual problems were assessed. A questionnaire was administered by a field-worker and by a gynecologist, who also examined the women. Semistructured interviews were conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs in a subsample. Of 607 menstruating women not using hormonal contraceptives, 16 percent complained to the gynecologist of irregular cycles, 14 percent of dysmenorrhea, 8 percent of spotting, and 4 percent of heavy or prolonged bleeding. Each complaint was associated with other reproductive morbidities. A minority of women with menstrual problems had sought health care, and menstruation was revealed to be a highly personal and secretive topic in this population. Menstrual disorders constitute an important unaddressed area of reproductive health service needs in developing countries for which relatively simple and inexpensive therapies are often available. Information, education, and support combined with clinical management of menstrual problems should be core elements of reproductive health programs

1861-07-24 A.D. Harlow writes to Adjutant General Hodsdon with questions about procedure

https://digitalmaine.com/cw_me_2nd_regiment_corr/1079/thumbnail.jp