329 research outputs found
On the equivalence between topologically and non-topologically massive abelian gauge theories
We analyse the equivalence between topologically massive gauge theory (TMGT)
and different formulations of non-topologically massive gauge theories (NTMGTs)
in the canonical approach. The different NTMGTs studied are St\"uckelberg
formulation of (A) a first order formulation involving one and two form fields,
(B) Proca theory, and (C) massive Kalb-Ramond theory. We first quantise these
reducible gauge systems by using the phase space extension procedure and using
it, identify the phase space variables of NTMGTs which are equivalent to the
canonical variables of TMGT and show that under this the Hamiltonian also get
mapped. Interestingly it is found that the different NTMGTs are equivalent to
different formulations of TMGTs which differ only by a total divergence term.
We also provide covariant mappings between the fields in TMGT to NTMGTs at the
level of correlation function.Comment: One reference added and a typos corrected. 15 pages, To appear in
Mod. Phys. Lett.
State-recycling and time-resolved imaging in topological photonic lattices
Photonic lattices - arrays of optical waveguides - are powerful platforms for
simulating a range of phenomena, including topological phases. While probing
dynamics is possible in these systems, by reinterpreting the propagation
direction as "time," accessing long timescales constitutes a severe
experimental challenge. Here, we overcome this limitation by placing the
photonic lattice in a cavity, which allows the optical state to evolve through
the lattice multiple times. The accompanying detection method, which exploits a
multi-pixel single-photon detector array, offers quasi-real time-resolved
measurements after each round trip. We apply the state-recycling scheme to
intriguing photonic lattices emulating Dirac fermions and Floquet topological
phases. In this new platform, we also realise a synthetic pulsed electric
field, which can be used to drive transport within photonic lattices. This work
opens a new route towards the detection of long timescale effects in engineered
photonic lattices and the realization of hybrid analogue-digital simulators.Comment: Comments are welcom
Role of oxygen transients in the facile scission of C–O bonds of alcohols on Zn surfaces
The alkoxy species produced by the interaction of alcohols with Zn surfaces undergoes C–O bond scission at 150 K giving hydrocarbon species, but this transformation occurs even at 80 K when alcohol–oxygen mixtures are coadsorbed, due to the oxygen transients
ENERGY EFFICIENT ADAPTIVE BROADCASTING SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
ABSTRACT Energy-efficiency is a critical issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), since sensors are battery operated with limited life time. Energy efficient broadcasting will have a direct impact on network lifetime. Since the minimum energy broadcasting schemes are affected by broadcast storm problem, it has to be addressed to improve the energy efficiency. To overcome the broadcast storm problem, probabilistic schemes have been proposed in the literature to make a rebroadcast decision. However, the random assessment delay (RAD) in probabilistic broadcasting schemes results in poor reachability and increased end to end delay in the congested networks. In the proposed work, the probabilistic scheme adapts its RAD based on network congestion level. The simulation results reveals that the new scheme outperforms the existing schemes in term of saved-rebroadcast, packet delivery and routing overhead
Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes containing small amounts of nitrogen are produced by the pyrolysis of aza-aromatics such as pyridine, methylpyrimidine and triazine over cobalt nanoparticles in an Ar atmosphere; good yields of such nanotubes are obtained by carrying out the pyrolysis of a mixture of pyridine and Fe(CO)5 in flowing Ar+H2
Abelian 2-form gauge theory: special features
It is shown that the four -dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form
gauge theory provides an example of (i) a class of field theoretical models for
the Hodge theory, and (ii) a possible candidate for the quasi-topological field
theory (q-TFT). Despite many striking similarities with some of the key
topological features of the two -dimensional (2D) free Abelian (and
self-interacting non-Abelian) gauge theories, it turns out that the 4D free
Abelian 2-form gauge theory is {\it not} an exact TFT. To corroborate this
conclusion, some of the key issues are discussed. In particular, it is shown
that the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant quantities of the 4D 2-form
Abelian gauge theory obey the recursion relations that are reminiscent of the
exact TFTs but the Lagrangian density of this theory is not found to be able to
be expressed as the sum of (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST exact quantities as
is the case with the {\it topological} 2D free Abelian (and self-interacting
non-Abelian) gauge theories.Comment: LaTeX, 23 pages, journal ref. give
BRST analysis of topologically massive gauge theory: novel observations
A dynamical non-Abelian 2-form gauge theory (with B \wedge F term) is endowed
with the "scalar" and "vector" gauge symmetry transformations. In our present
endeavor, we exploit the latter gauge symmetry transformations and perform the
Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) analysis of the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D)
topologically massive non-Abelian 2-form gauge theory. We demonstrate the
existence of some novel features that have, hitherto, not been observed in the
context of BRST approach to 4D (non-)Abelian 1-form as well as Abelian 2-form
and 3-form gauge theories. We comment on the differences between the novel
features that emerge in the BRST analysis of the "scalar" and "vector" gauge
symmetries of the theory.Comment: LaTeX file, 14 pages, an appendix added, references expanded, version
to appear in EPJ
Molecular basis of association of receptor activity-modifying protein 3 with the family B G protein-coupled secretin receptor
The three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) have been recognized as being important for the trafficking and function of a subset of family B G protein-coupled receptors, although the structural basis for this has not been well established. In the current work, we use morphological fluorescence techniques, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation to demonstrate that the secretin receptor associates specifically with RAMP3, but not with RAMP1 or RAMP2. We use truncation constructs, peptide competition experiments, and chimeric secretin-GLP1 receptor constructs to establish that this association is structurally specific, dependent on the intramembranous region of the RAMP and TM6 and TM7 of this receptor. There were no observed changes in secretin-stimulated cAMP, intracellular calcium, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, or receptor internalization in receptor-bearing COS or CHO-K1 cells in the presence or absence of exogenous RAMP transfection, although the secretin receptor trafficks normally to the cell surface in these cells in a RAMP-independent manner, resulting in both free and RAMP-associated receptor on the cell surface. RAMP3 association with this receptor was shown to be capable of rescuing a receptor mutant (G241C) that is normally trapped intracellularly in the biosynthetic machinery. Similarly, secretin receptor expression had functional effects on adrenomedullin activity, with increasing secretin receptor expression competing for RAMP3 association with the calcitonin receptor-like receptor to yield a functional adrenomedullin receptor. These data provide important new insights into the structural basis for RAMP3 interaction with a family B G protein-coupled receptor, potentially providing a highly selective target for drug action. This may be representative of similar interactions between other members of this receptor family and RAMP proteins
Notoph Gauge Theory: Superfield Formalism
We derive absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and
anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the 4D free Abelian 2-form gauge theory
by exploiting the superfield approach to BRST formalism. The antisymmetric
tensor gauge field of the above theory was christened as the "notoph" (i.e. the
opposite of "photon") gauge field by Ogievetsky and Palubarinov way back in
1966-67. We briefly outline the problems involved in obtaining the absolute
anticommutativity of the (anti-) BRST transformations and their resolution
within the framework of geometrical superfield approach to BRST formalism. One
of the highlights of our results is the emergence of a Curci-Ferrari type of
restriction in the context of 4D Abelian 2-form (notoph) gauge theory which
renders the nilpotent (anti-) BRST symmetries of the theory to be absolutely
anticommutative in nature.Comment: LaTeX file, 12 pages, Talk delivered at SQS'09 (BLTP, JINR, Dubna
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