KOMPOSISI VEGETASI, POLA SEBARAN DAN FAKTOR HABITAT Ficus magnoliifolia (NUNU PISANG) DI HUTAN PANGALE, DESA TORO, SULAWESI TENGAH

Ficus magnoliifolia (nunu pisang) has an important role in ecology. Ecological on the other hand, Moma community in the Toro village, Central Sulawesi use it for their daily need. Ecological aspect of nunu pisang is important for its conservation due to its sustainable utilization. The aims of this research were to determine and describe the vegetation composition, the distribution pattern and habitat factors of nunu pisang in Pangale forest by terraced path method. Data was analyzed by vegetation analysis, distribution pattern, diversity index, similarity index of communities, association interspecies and habitat factors. The research was conducted from January to March 2015. The result showed that nunu pisang found in the growth stage of epiphytes, hemyepifit, strangler, and tree but mostly in tree. The distribution pattern of nunu pisang’s tree was clumped. Its associations with other species were very low (<0,22) and low (0,27). The important habitat factor of nunu pisang were soil temperature, soil moisture and trees density

SPESIES BURUNG DI PINGGIR JALAN RAYA DI KABUPATEN ENDE, NAGEKEO DAN TIMOR TENGAH UTARA, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Birds as bio-indicators of environmental quality for flower pollinators, seed dispersal, and natural control of pests in nature, so they are ecologically important. Bird species play an important role both in the forest and those that can be found on the roadside. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity and density of species on the roadside in the districts of Ende, Nagekeo and Timor Tengah Utara (TTU), Nusa Tenggara Timur Province. The method used in collecting bird data is point count. The results showed that the level of species diversity (H') was classified as moderate. The number of species found in all study areas is 55 species in 26 families. The species density in Ende Regency is 0.76 individuals/ha, Nagekeo 0.942 individuals/ha and TTU 0.098 individuals/ha. The evenness value (E) in the three study areas is more than 0.75, meaning that the community is stable for habitats that support the existence of bird species. The high similarity community (IS) in the districts of Ende and Nagekeo (69%) show that the two areas have almost the same species composition for their location on the same island on Flores Island. In contrast, it was found that Ende-TTU and Nagekeo-TTU had low community similarities because they were on two different islands. Protected bird species found during the research were the  white-bellied sea eagle  (Haliaeetus leucogaster), the asian woollyneck (Ciconia episcopus). Two other protected species found although not in the observation plots were the flores hawk-eagle (Nisaetus floris) and the spotted kestrel (Falco moluccensis). The exotic species found is sooty-headed bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster). Exotic species can be utilized for utilization activities that are economically as well as ecologically profitable

Komposisi, Pola Sebaran Dan Faktor Habitat Nunu Pisang (Ficus Magnoliifolia) Di Hutan Pangale Desa Toro Sulawesi Tengah

Nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) is an ecologically important species and also to meet community of Tribe Moma needs in the village of Toro, Central Sulawesi. The existence of ecological benefits and utilization has become an important aspect to conserve nunu pisang by knowing ecoogical aspects. This study aims to determine the composition of the vegetation, the distribution pattern and habitat factors of nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) in forest Pangale, fallow garden of Moma tribe more than 25 years. The method used in this study is a terraced path, that is then analyzed by vegetation analysis, the distribution pattern, diversity index, similarity index of communities, associations interspesies and habitat factors. The study from January to March 2015 showed that the majority of nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) found in the growth stage of tree because ficus magnoliifolia is a strangler which has 4 stages of growth, namely: epiphytes, hemiepifit, strangler and trees. At this stage of the growth of trees, nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) has clumped distribution patterns. nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) association with the other species is very low and low. Habitat factors that are important in the growth of the banana nunu is soil temperature, soil moisture and density of trees Nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) merupakan spesies yang penting secara ekologi dan juga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat Suku Moma di Desa Toro, Sulawesi Tengah. Adanya manfaat ekologi dan pemanfaatan ini menjadi aspek penting untuk melakukan konservasi nunu pisang dengan cara mengetahui aspek ekologi nunu pisang.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi vegetasi, pola sebaran dan faktor habitat nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) di hutan Pangale, yaitu kebun Suku Moma yang diberakan lebih dari 25 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jalur berpetak yang kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis vegetasi, pola sebaran, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kesamaan komunitas, asosiasi interspesies dan faktor habitat. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan selama bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 2015 menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) ditemukan pada tahap pertumbuhan pohon karena merupakan jenis ficus strangler yang memiliki 4 tahapan pertumbuhan yaitu: epifit, hemiepifit, pencekik dan pohon. Pada tahap pertumbuhan pohon, nunu pisang memiliki pola sebaran mengelompok. Asosiasi nunu pisang (Ficus magnoliifolia) dengan spesies lainnya adalah sangat rendah dan rendah. Faktor habitat yang penting dalam pertumbuhan nunu pisang adalah suhu tanah, kelembaban tanah dan kerapatan pohon

A Chronicle of Indonesia’s Forest Management: A Long Step towards Environmental Sustainability and Community Welfare

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 17,000 islands of varying sizes and elevations, from lowlands to very high mountains, stretching more than 5000 km eastward from Sabang in Aceh to Merauke in Papua. Although occupying only 1.3% of the world’s land area, Indonesia possesses the third-largest rainforest and the second-highest level of biodiversity, with very high species diversity and endemism. However, during the last two decades, Indonesia has been known as a country with a high level of deforestation, a producer of smoke from burning forests and land, and a producer of carbon emissions. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental history and the long process of Indonesian forest management towards achieving environmental sustainability and community welfare. To do this, we analyze the milestones of Indonesian forest management history, present and future challenges, and provide strategic recommendations toward a viable Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) system. Our review showed that the history of forestry management in Indonesia has evolved through a long process, especially related to contestation over the control of natural resources and supporting policies and regulations. During the process, many efforts have been applied to reduce the deforestation rate, such as a moratorium on permitting primary natural forest and peat land, land rehabilitation and soil conservation, environmental protection, and other significant regulations. Therefore, these efforts should be maintained and improved continuously in the future due to their significant positive impacts on a variety of forest areas toward the achievement of viable SFM. Finally, we conclude that the Indonesian government has struggled to formulate sustainable forest management policies that balance economic, ecological, and social needs, among others, through developing and implementing social forestry instruments, developing and implementing human resource capacity, increasing community literacy, strengthening forest governance by eliminating ambiguity and overlapping regulations, simplification of bureaucracy, revitalization of traditional wisdom, and fair law enforcement