REAL TIME LEARNING LEVEL ASSESSMENT USING EYE TRACKING

E-Learning is emerging as a convenient and effective learning tool. However, the challenge with eLearning is the lack of effective tools to assess levels of learning. Ability to predict difficult content in real time enables eLearning systems to dynamically provide supplementary content to meet learners’ needs. Recent developments have made possible low-cost eye trackers, which enables a new class of applications based on eye response. In comparison to past attempts using bio-metrics in learning assessments, with eye tracking, we can have access to the exact stimulus that is causing the response. A key aspect of the proposed approach is the temporal analysis of eye response and stimulus (concept) that is causing the response. Variations in eye response to the same concept over time may be indicative of levels of learning. The proposed system analyses slide images to extract words and then maps eye response to those words. We propose an analytical model (refer figure 1) for predicting various levels of learning in real time and the model achieves a prediction accuracy of 70%

An Efficient Algorithm for VC-1 to H.264 Video Transcoding in Progressive Compression

The high definition video adoption has been growing rapidly for the last two years. The two high definition DVD formats HD-DVD and Blueray have mandated MPEG-2, H.264 and VC-1 as video compression formats. The coexistence of these different video coding standards creates a need for transcoding. In this paper, an efficient transcoding algorithm from VC-1 video to H.264 video is discussed. While there has been recent work on MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding, the published work on VC-1 to H.264 transcoding is non-existent. There is very limited amount of published work on VC-1. This paper gives a brief overview of VC-1 and discusses the opportunities for low-complexit

System-Level Modeling of a NoC-Based H.264 Decoder

Abstract -Networks-on-chip (NoC) are expected to play a key role in future embedded systems. A NoC-based system has the potential to support concurrent processing, in both software and hardware. This can however lead to concurrency issues. We present a multiprocessor system modeling and performance evaluation approach that addresses concurrency. We illustrate our methodology by mapping a H.264 decoder onto a 4×3 meshbased NoC architecture. We show latency, area, and power consumption results for this NoC architecture abstracted from its FPGA implementation

Very low complexity mpeg-2 to h.264 transcoding using machine learning

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel macroblock mode decision algorithm for inter-frame prediction based on machine learning techniques to be used as part of a very low complexity MPEG-2 to H.264 video transcoder. Since coding mode decisions take up the most resources in video transcoding, a fast macro block (MB) mode estimation would lead to reduced complexity. The proposed approach is based on the hypothesis that MB coding mode decisions in H.264 video have a correlation with the distribution of the motion compensated residual in MPEG-2 video. We use machine learning tools to exploit the correlation and derive decision trees to classify the incoming MPEG-2 MBs into one of the 11 coding modes in H.264. The proposed approach reduces the H.264 MB mode computation process into a decision tree lookup with very low complexity. The proposed transcoder is compared with a reference transcoder comprised of a MPEG-2 decoder and an H.264 encoder. Our results show that the proposed transcoder reduces the H.264 encoding time by over 95% with negligible loss in quality and bitrate

Evaluation of signal processing methods for attention assessment in visual content interaction

Eye movements and changes in pupil dilation are known to provide information about viewer’s attention and interaction with visual content. This paper evaluates different statistical and signal processing methods for autonomously analysing pupil dilation signals and extracting information about viewer’s attention when perceiving visual information. In particular, using a commercial video-based eye tracker to estimate pupil dilation and gaze fixation, we demonstrate that wavelet-based signal processing provides an effective tool for pupil dilation analysis and discuss the effect that different image content has on pupil dilation and viewer’s attention

Design and evaluation of a 3D video system based on H.264 view coding

Recent advances in video compression and 3D displays have necessitated a further understanding and development of 3D video coding algorithms. The emergence of low cost autostereoscopic displays is expected to drive the growth of 3DTV services. This paper discusses key issues that affect the quality of 3D video experience on autostereoscopic displays. The characteristics of the human visual system can be exploited to compress individual stereo views at different qualities without affecting the perceptual quality of the 3D video. The H.264/AVC video coding algorithm was used to compress each view. We examine the bounds of asymmetric stereo view compression and its relationship to eye-dominance based on a user study. This paper also presents the design and development of a modular video player with stereoscopic and multi-view capabilities including a discussion of useful tools for accelerating the development and enhancing flexibility. The experimental results indicate that eye-dominance influences 3D perception and as a result will impact the coding efficiency of 3D vide

3D TV using MPEG-2 and H.264 view coding and autostereoscopic displays

There is a renewed interest in the 3DTV research primarily due to the advances in low cost 3D display technologies. The two views required for 3DTV can be compressed using standard video compression techniques. MPEG-2 is widely used in digital TV applications today and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is expected to be the leading video technology standard for digital video in the near future. The compression gains and quality of 3DTV will vary depending on the video coding standard used. While inter-view prediction will likely improve the compression efficiency, new approaches such as asymmetric view coding are necessary to greatly reduce bandwidth requirements for 3DTV. This demonstration will show the quality of 3D video experience on autostereoscopic displays using H.264 and MPEG-2. We will also show the benefits of using asymmetric view coding as well as the role of eye dominance on 3DTV experienc